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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2006, p. 3583-3588, Vol. 44, No. 10
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.02601-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Longitudinal Analysis of Genotype Distribution of Influenza A Virus from 2003 to 2005

Annie Mak,1 Ronak Rahmanian,1,2 Victor Lei,1,2 David Lawrence,1 Mel Krajden,1,2 Robert C. Brunham,1,2 Danuta Skowronski,1,2 Yan Li,3 Tim Booth,3 Swee Han Goh,1,2 and Martin Petric1,2*

BC Centre of Disease Control,1 the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,2 Canadian Centre for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada3

Received 14 December 2005/ Returned for modification 1 March 2006/ Accepted 24 July 2006

Influenza A viruses cause yearly epidemics, in part, due to their ability to overcome immunity from previous infections through acquisition of mutations. Amino acid sequences encoded by genes 4 (HA), 6 (NA), 7 (M), and 8 (NS) from 77 H3N2 influenza A isolates, collected between November 2003 and March 2005, were analyzed to determine the extent to which the viruses mutated within epidemic periods and between the epidemics. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences were stable throughout the epidemics but experienced substantial changes between epidemics. Major changes occurred in the HA gene in 5 to 7 amino acids and the NA gene in 11 to 13 amino acids and changes of 5 amino acids occurred in the M and NS genes. In the HA gene, changes occurred in sites known to be epitopes that determine the hemagglutination inhibition reactivity, and these were shown to be associated with a change of strain from A/Fujian/411/2002-like to A/California/7/2004-like viruses. Our findings indicate that genotype determination promises to be a rapid approach for detecting new strains of influenza A viruses in a population.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 W12th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. Phone: (604) 660-9697. Fax: (604) 660-6073. E-mail: martin.petric{at}bccdc.ca.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2006, p. 3583-3588, Vol. 44, No. 10
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.02601-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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