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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 2006, p. 3878-3882, Vol. 44, No. 11
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01327-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Detection of Multiple Noroviruses Associated with an International Gastroenteritis Outbreak Linked to Oyster Consumption

Françoise S. Le Guyader,1* Fabienne Bon,2 Dario DeMedici,3 Sylvain Parnaudeau,1 Alessandra Bertone,4 Silvia Crudeli,5 Aoife Doyle,6 Mohamed Zidane,1 Elisabetta Suffredini,3 Evelyne Kohli,2 Francesco Maddalo,4 Marina Monini,5 Anne Gallay,6 Monique Pommepuy,1 Pierre Pothier,2 and Franco M. Ruggeri5

Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institut Français pour la Recherche et l'Exploitation de la Mer, Nantes, France,1 Laboratoire de Virologie et Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France,2 Centro Nazionale per la Qualità degli Alimenti e per i Rischi Alimentari, Rome, Italy,3 Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, La Spezia, Italy,4 Dipartimento di Sanità Alimentare e Animale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy,5 Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Département Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Infections Entériques, Alimentaires et Zoonoses, Saint-Maurice, France6

Received 15 June 2006/ Returned for modification 17 July 2006/ Accepted 31 July 2006

An international outbreak linked to oyster consumption involving a group of over 200 people in Italy and 127 total subjects in 13 smaller clusters in France was analyzed using epidemiological and clinical data and shellfish samples. Environmental information from the oyster-producing area, located in a lagoon in southern France, was collected to investigate the possible events leading to the contamination. Virologic analyses were conducted by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) using the same primer sets for both clinical and environmental samples. After sequencing, the data were analyzed through the database operated by the scientific network FoodBorne Viruses in Europe. The existence of an international collaboration between laboratories was critical to rapidly connect the data and to fully interpret the results, since it was not obvious that one food could be the link because of the diversity of the several norovirus strains involved in the different cases. It was also demonstrated that heavy rain was responsible for the accidental contamination of seafood, leading to a concentration of up to hundreds of genomic copies per oyster as detected by real-time RT-PCR.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IFREMER, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France. Phone: 33 2 40 37 40 52. Fax: 33 2 40 37 40 73. E-mail: sleguyad{at}ifremer.fr.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 2006, p. 3878-3882, Vol. 44, No. 11
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01327-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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