This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Other Versions of this Article: JCM.01411-06v1 44/12/4395    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Skov, R. Articles by Kahlmeter, G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Skov, R. Articles by Kahlmeter, G.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2006, p. 4395-4399, Vol. 44, No. 12
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01411-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phenotypic Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Disk Diffusion Testing and Etest on Mueller-Hinton Agar

National Center for Antimicrobials and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark,¹ Department of Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden,² AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden³

Received 8 July 2006/ Returned for modification 29 August 2006/ Accepted 5 October 2006

Cefoxitin is increasingly recommended for detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) when using disk diffusion testing. In this study, 95 mecA-negative S. aureus isolates and a highly genetically diverse collection of mecA-positive S. aureus types (n = 50) were used to investigate the influence of technical factors such as disk potency, incubation time, and temperature on Mueller-Hinton agar. The use of cefoxitin MIC testing by Etest for the same purpose was investigated under similar conditions. For disk diffusion, the accuracy was high at both 35°C and 36°C using overnight incubation, while incubation at 30°C or 37°C was associated with slightly lower accuracy. Increasing incubation times from 18 to 24 h did not improve accuracy at either temperature. Cefoxitin Etest MICs for mecA-positive strains were 6 mg/liter or higher, while cefoxitin Etest MICs for mecA-negative strains were 4 mg/liter. Our findings suggest that the current CLSI zone diameter breakpoints should be adjusted from resistance (R) 19 mm to R 21 mm. In conclusion, cefoxitin disk diffusion testing and Etest MIC testing can accurately predict the presence of the mecA gene in S. aureus. Testing can be reliably performed using incubation temperatures of 35 to 36°C and incubation times of 18 to 22 h. We suggest MRSA interpretive criteria of susceptible (S) 4 mg/liter and R > 4 mg/liter, corresponding to S 22 mm and R 21 mm for the 30-µg disk and S 17 mm and R 16 mm for the 10-µg cefoxitin disk. These criteria resulted in only one mecA-positive isolate being misclassified as susceptible.

Published ahead of print on 18 October 2006.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Roisin, S., Nonhoff, C., Denis, O., Struelens, M. J. (2008). Evaluation of New Vitek 2 Card and Disk Diffusion Method for Determining Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to Oxacillin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 2525-2528 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Perez, L. R. R., Dias, C., d'Azevedo, P. A. (2008). Agar dilution and agar screen with cefoxitin and oxacillin: what is known and what is unknown in detection of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol 57: 954-956 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cherkaoui, A., Renzi, G., Francois, P., Schrenzel, J. (2007). Comparison of four chromogenic media for culture-based screening of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol 56: 500-503 [Abstract] [Full Text]