Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2006, p. 999-1017, Vol. 44, No. 3
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JCM.44.3.999-1017.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Pre- and Postvaccination Clonal Compositions of Invasive Pneumococcal Serotypes for Isolates Collected in the United States in 1999, 2001, and 2002
Bernard Beall,1*
M. Catherine McEllistrem,2
Robert E. Gertz Jr.,1
Stephanie Wedel,3
David J. Boxrud,3
Antonio L. Gonzalez,1
Marie-Jo Medina,1
Rekha Pai,1
Terry A. Thompson,1
Lee H. Harrison,2,4
Lesley McGee,1,5
Cynthia G. Whitney,1 and
the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,1
University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,2
Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota,3
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,4
Department of International Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia5
Received 17 October 2005/
Returned for modification 28 November 2005/
Accepted 5 December 2005
Monitoring of serotypes and their clonal associations is critical as pneumococci adapt to the selective pressures exerted by the pneumococcal seven-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). We genotyped 1,476 invasive isolates from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (705 [89.8%] of the isolates were obtained from children <5 years of age, and 771 [18.4%] of the isolates were obtained from individuals >5 years of age) in 2001 and 2002 (after the introduction of PCV7). The data were compared to the results for 1,168 invasive isolates (855 [83.9%] of the isolates were from children <5 years of age) collected in 1999. Among children <5 years of age, the incidence of invasive disease due to non-PCV7 serogroups together with serogroup 19A increased (P < 0.001). Eighty-three clonal sets, representing 177 multilocus sequence types (STs), were compiled from the 3-year isolate set. Among the non-PCV7 serogroups, newly emerging clones were uncommon; and a significant expansion of already established clones occurred for serotypes 3 (ST180), 7F (ST191), 15BCF (ST199), 19A (ST199), 22F (ST433), 33F (ST662), and 38 (ST393). However, additional minor clonal types within serotypes 1, 6A, 6B, 7C, 9N, 10A, 12F, 14, 15B/C, 17F, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, and 33F that were absent in 1999 were found during 2001 and 2002. Although 23 clonal sets exhibited multiple serotypes, for most serotypes there were either no changes or modest changes in clonal compositions since the introduction of PCV7. The only example of an identical ST shared between non-PCV7 and PCV7 or PCV7-related serotypes was ST199; however, ST199 was prevalent within serotypes 15B/C and 19A before and after PCV7 introduction. Continued genotypic surveillance is warranted, since certain clones not targeted by PCV7 are expanding, and their emergence as significant pathogens could occur with maintained vaccine pressure.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: (404) 639-1237. Fax: (404) 639-4215. E-mail:
BBEALL{at}CDC.GOV.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2006, p. 999-1017, Vol. 44, No. 3
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JCM.44.3.999-1017.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
This article has been cited by other articles:
-
da Gloria Carvalho, M., Pimenta, F. C., Gertz, R. E. Jr., Joshi, H. H., Trujillo, A. A., Keys, L. E., Findley, J., Moura, I. S., Park, I. H., Hollingshead, S. K., Pilishvili, T., Whitney, C. G., Nahm, M. H., Beall, B. W., for the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team,
(2009). PCR-Based Quantitation and Clonal Diversity of the Current Prevalent Invasive Serogroup 6 Pneumococcal Serotype, 6C, in the United States in 1999 and 2006 to 2007. J. Clin. Microbiol.
47: 554-559
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Jacobs, M. R., Bajaksouzian, S., Bonomo, R. A., Good, C. E., Windau, A. R., Hujer, A. M., Massire, C., Melton, R., Blyn, L. B., Ecker, D. J., Sampath, R.
(2009). Occurrence, Distribution, and Origins of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 6C, a Recently Recognized Serotype. J. Clin. Microbiol.
47: 64-72
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Amrine-Madsen, H., Van Eldere, J., Mera, R. M., Miller, L. A., Poupard, J. A., Thomas, E. S., Halsey, W. S., Becker, J. A., O'Hara, F. P.
(2008). Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Clonal Complexes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Resistant to Multiple Classes of Antibiotics in Belgium, 1997 to 2004. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52: 3216-3220
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Bagnoli, F., Moschioni, M., Donati, C., Dimitrovska, V., Ferlenghi, I., Facciotti, C., Muzzi, A., Giusti, F., Emolo, C., Sinisi, A., Hilleringmann, M., Pansegrau, W., Censini, S., Rappuoli, R., Covacci, A., Masignani, V., Barocchi, M. A.
(2008). A Second Pilus Type in Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Prevalent in Emerging Serotypes and Mediates Adhesion to Host Cells. J. Bacteriol.
190: 5480-5492
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Ampofo, K., Bender, J., Sheng, X., Korgenski, K., Daly, J., Pavia, A. T., Byington, C. L.
(2008). Seasonal Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children: Role of Preceding Respiratory Viral Infection. Pediatrics
122: 229-237
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Foster, D., Knox, K., Walker, A. S., Griffiths, D. T., Moore, H., Haworth, E., Peto, T., Brueggemann, A. B., Crook, D. W., on behalf of the Oxford Invasive Pneumococcal Surv,
(2008). Invasive pneumococcal disease: epidemiology in children and adults prior to implementation of the conjugate vaccine in the Oxfordshire region, England. J Med Microbiol
57: 480-487
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Jacobs, M. R., Good, C. E., Beall, B., Bajaksouzian, S., Windau, A. R., Whitney, C. G.
(2008). Changes in Serotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains in Cleveland: a Quarter Century of Experience. J. Clin. Microbiol.
46: 982-990
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Giefing, C., Meinke, A. L., Hanner, M., Henics, T., Minh, D. B., Gelbmann, D., Lundberg, U., Senn, B. M., Schunn, M., Habel, A., Henriques-Normark, B., Ortqvist, A., Kalin, M., von Gabain, A., Nagy, E.
(2008). Discovery of a novel class of highly conserved vaccine antigens using genomic scale antigenic fingerprinting of pneumococcus with human antibodies. JEM
205: 117-131
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Schiff, D.
(2008). Multiresistant Pneumococci in Otitis Media. AAP Grand Rounds
19: 4-4
[Full Text]
-
Pichichero, M. E., Casey, J. R.
(2007). Emergence of a Multiresistant Serotype 19A Pneumococcal Strain Not Included in the 7-Valent Conjugate Vaccine as an Otopathogen in Children. JAMA
298: 1772-1778
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Poehling, K. A., Szilagyi, P. G., Grijalva, C. G., Martin, S. W., LaFleur, B., Mitchel, E., Barth, R. D., Nuorti, J. P., Griffin, M. R.
(2007). Reduction of Frequent Otitis Media and Pressure-Equalizing Tube Insertions in Children After Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine. Pediatrics
119: 707-715
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Harrington, S. M., Stock, F., Kominski, A. L., Campbell, J. D., Hormazabal, J. C., Livio, S., Rao, L., Kotloff, K. L., Sow, S. O., Murray, P. R.
(2007). Genotypic Analysis of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Mali, Africa, by Semiautomated Repetitive-Element PCR and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
45: 707-714
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Hathaway, L. J., Brugger, S., Martynova, A., Aebi, S., Muhlemann, K.
(2007). Use of the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer for Rapid and Reproducible Molecular Typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Clin. Microbiol.
45: 803-809
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Clarke, S. C.
(2006). Control of pneumococcal disease in the United Kingdom - the start of a new era.. J Med Microbiol
55: 975-980
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
-
Clarke, S. C., Jefferies, J. M. C., Smith, A. J., McMenamin, J., Mitchell, T. J., Edwards, G. F. S.
(2006). Pneumococci causing invasive disease in children prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Scotland.. J Med Microbiol
55: 1079-1084
[Abstract]
[Full Text]