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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2006, p. 2186-2190, Vol. 44, No. 6
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00120-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Members of the Fusarium solani Species Complex That Cause Infections in Both Humans and Plants Are Common in the Environment{dagger}

Ning Zhang,1,{ddagger} Kerry O'Donnell,2 Deanna A. Sutton,3 F. Ameena Nalim,1 Richard C. Summerbell,4 Arvind A. Padhye,5 and David M. Geiser1*

Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,1 Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604,2 Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229,3 Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands,4 Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303335

Received 19 January 2006/ Returned for modification 2 March 2006/ Accepted 21 April 2006

Members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are increasingly implicated as the causative agents of human mycoses, particularly in the expanding immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patient populations. Best known as ubiquitous plant pathogens and saprotrophs, the FSSC comprises over 45 phylogenetically distinct species distributed among three major clades. To identify which species are associated with human infections, we generated multilocus haplotypes based on four partial gene sequences from 471 isolates. Of these, 278 were from human patients, 21 were from hospital environments, and 172 were from other sources. Phylogenetic trees inferred from an ergosterol biosynthesis gene (erg-3) were highly discordant with those inferred from the three other partial gene sequences; therefore, this partition was analyzed separately. Multilocus analysis showed that isolates from humans were restricted to but spread throughout clade 3 of the FSSC phylogeny, comprising at least 18 phylogenetically distinct species. The majority (74.5%) of the clinical isolates, however, were associated with four major lineages, designated groups 1 to 4. Groups 1 and 2 were strongly supported as phylogenetic species, whereas groups 3 and 4 were not. Although isolates from ocular infections were found in all four groups, they had a significant tendency to belong to group 3 (P < 0.001). Human clinical isolates shared identical multilocus haplotypes with isolates from plants, other animals, and from hospital environments, suggesting potential nosocomiality. The major finding of this study is that FSSC-associated mycoses of humans and other animals have origins in a broad phylogenetic spectrum, indicating widespread ability to cause infection in this diverse species complex.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. Phone: (814) 865-9773. Fax: (814) 863-7217. E-mail: dgeiser{at}psu.edu.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jcm.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2006, p. 2186-2190, Vol. 44, No. 6
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00120-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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