High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

doi:10.1128/JCM.00256-06

This Article

	Full Text
	Full Text (PDF)
	Alert me when this article is cited
	Alert me if a correction is posted

Services

	Similar articles in this journal
	Similar articles in PubMed
	Alert me to new issues of the journal
	Download to citation manager
	Reprints and Permissions
	Copyright Information
	Books from ASM Press
	MicrobeWorld

Citing Articles

	Citing Articles via HighWire
	Citing Articles via Google Scholar

Google Scholar

	Articles by Miller, C. S.
	Articles by Kryscio, R. J.
	Search for Related Content

PubMed

	PubMed Citation
	Articles by Miller, C. S.
	Articles by Kryscio, R. J.

Previous Article | Next Article

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2006, p. 2409-2415, Vol. 44, No. 7
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JCM.00256-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Craig S. Miller,¹^,2^* Joseph R. Berger,³ Yunanan Mootoor,³ Sergei A. Avdiushko,² Hua Zhu,⁴ and Richard J. Kryscio⁴

Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics,¹ Department of Oral Health Practice,² Departments of Neurology and Internal Medicine,³ Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0297⁴

Received 3 February 2006/ Returned for modification 27 February 2006/ Accepted 6 May 2006

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated withan increased risk for human herpesviruses (HHVs) and their relateddiseases. Methods for limiting the transmission of HHVs requirea better understanding of the prevalence and infectiousnessof oral HHVs in HIV-infected patients. We performed quantitativePCR to investigate the prevalence, quantity, risk, and correlatesof salivary HHVs from 58 HIV-seropositive individuals in a casecontrol study. HHVs were significantly more prevalent in thesalivas of HIV-seropositive persons than in those of the controls(odds ratios [ORs], 4.2 to 26.2; P $≤$ 0.008). In HIV-infectedpatients, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8),cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)were detected in 90%, 57%, 31% and 16% of samples, respectively,compared with 48%, 24%, 2%, and 2%, respectively, of samplesfrom controls. Multiple HHVs were observed in 71% of HIV-seropositivepersons and only 16% of controls (OR, 13.0; 95% confidence interval,5.29 to 32.56). HIV-positive patients had significantly higherEBV loads than HIV-negative persons (P < 0.0001). HIV-infectedpatients with CD4 counts above 200 cells/µl had increasedprobability for having HHV-8 in saliva (P = 0.009) comparedwith patients whose counts were less than 200. In contrast,HSV-1, EBV, and CMV were detected more often when CD4 countswere low. High salivary HHV loads were detected for those (n= 7) with oral lesions. These findings suggest that saliva isa potential risk factor for the acquisition of multiple HHVs,and several host factors may function to accelerate HHV reactivationor replication in patients with HIV infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: MN 324 Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0297. Phone: (859) 323-5598. Fax: (859) 323-9136. E-mail: cmiller{at}uky.edu.

This article has been cited by other articles:

Clement, C., Bhattacharjee, P. S., Kaufman, H. E., Hill, J. M. (2009). Heat-Induced Reactivation of HSV-1 in Latent Mice: Upregulation in the TG of CD83 and Other Immune Response Genes and Their LAT-ICP0 Locus. IOVS 50: 2855-2861 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Dowd, J. B., Haan, M. N., Blythe, L., Moore, K., Aiello, A. E. (2008). Socioeconomic Gradients in Immune Response to Latent Infection. Am J Epidemiol 167: 112-120 [Abstract] [Full Text]