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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2006, p. 2897-2903, Vol. 44, No. 8
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.02549-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Clonal Emergence of Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase (CTX-M-2)-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Virchow Isolates with Reduced Susceptibilities to Ciprofloxacin among Poultry and Humans in Belgium and France (2000 to 2003)

National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella,¹ Bacteriology Division,² Bureau of Quality Assurance,³ Phage Typing Centre, Department Pasteur Institute, Scientific Institute of Public Health, 14 Wytsman Street, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium,⁴ Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Unité de Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U389, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France,⁵ Unité BioAgresseurs, Santé et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France,⁶ Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, CODA-CERVA-VAR, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium⁷

Received 7 December 2005/ Returned for modification 22 January 2006/ Accepted 21 May 2006

Antibiotic treatment is not required in cases of Salmonella enterica gastroenteritis but is essential in cases of enteric fever or invasive salmonellosis or in immunocompromised patients. Although fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the drugs of choice to treat invasive Salmonella, resistance to these antibiotics is increasing worldwide. During the period 2000 to 2003, 90 Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow poultry and poultry product isolates and 11 serovar Virchow human isolates were found to produce an extended-spectrum ß-lactamase, CTX-M-2, concomitantly with a TEM-1 ß-lactamase. The bla_CTX-M-2 gene was located on a large conjugative plasmid (>100 kb). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated a clonal relationship between the poultry and human isolates. All these isolates displayed additional resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline as well as a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MICs of between 0.5 and 1 µg/ml). CTX-M-2-producing Salmonella with a reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones constitutes a major concern, since such strains could disseminate on a large scale and jeopardize classical antibiotic therapy in immunocompromised patients.

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