This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hosoya, M.
Right arrow Articles by Suzuki, H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hosoya, M.
Right arrow Articles by Suzuki, H.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2007, p. 112-120, Vol. 45, No. 1
0095-1137/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00718-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genetic Diversity of Coxsackievirus A16 Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Epidemics in Japan from 1983 to 2003{triangledown}

Mitsuaki Hosoya,1* Yukihiko Kawasaki,1 Masatoki Sato,1 Ken Honzumi,1 Akio Hayashi,2 Toyomasa Hiroshima,2 Hiroaki Ishiko,2 Kazuo Kato,3 and Hitoshi Suzuki1

Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295,1 Research and Development Department, Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo 174-8555,2 Fukushima Institute for Public Health, Fukushima 960-8560,Japan3

Received 5 April 2006/ Returned for modification 5 July 2006/ Accepted 21 October 2006

To clarify the chronologic genetic diversity of coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) strains associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in a restricted area and their genetic relation with those isolated in other areas, we investigated the genetic diversity of the 129 CV-A16 strains associated with HFMD epidemics in Fukushima, Japan, from 1983 to 2003, and compared their genetic relation to 49 CV-A16 strains isolated in other areas of Japan and in China by using phylogenetic analysis based on the VP4 sequences. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the CV-A16 strains isolated in Fukushima from 1983 to 2003 demonstrated three distinct genetically divergent clusters related to HFMD epidemics that occurred from 1984 to 1994 (including the 1985 and 1991 outbreaks), HFMD epidemics from 1987 to 1998 (including the 1988 and 1998 outbreaks), and HFMD epidemics from 1995 to 2003 (including the 1995 and 2002 outbreaks). CV-A16 strains isolated during each period in Fukushima formed a single cluster with those isolated during essentially the same time period in other areas of Japan and in China. Our results demonstrated that prevalent CV-A16 strains causing HFMD in Fukushima, Japan, genetically changed twice during 21 epidemics, and changes were also observed in the CV-A16 strains causing HFMD epidemics in other areas. We concluded that repeated outbreaks of CV-A16-related HFMD in Japan were caused, in part, by the introduction of genetically changed CV-A16 strains, which might be transmitted overseas.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Phone: 81-24-547-1111. Fax: 81-24-548-6578. E-mail: mhosoya{at}fmu.ac.jp.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 November 2006.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2007, p. 112-120, Vol. 45, No. 1
0095-1137/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00718-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»