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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2007, p. 3309-3315, Vol. 45, No. 10
0095-1137/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01922-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chronological Study of Antibiotic Resistances and Their Relevant Genes in Korean Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates{triangledown}

Tae-Eun Kim,1 Yong-Wun Jeong,1 Sun-Hee Cho,1,3 Sun-Joong Kim,1,2 and Hyuk-Joon Kwon2*

Laboratory of Avian Diseases,1 Laboratory of Influenza Virus, Zoonotic Disease Institute (ZooDI),2 College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea3

Received 16 September 2006/ Returned for modification 15 November 2006/ Accepted 24 July 2007

Antibiograms and relevant genotypes of Korean avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates (n = 101) recovered between 1985 and 2005 were assessed via disc diffusion test, PCR, restriction enzyme analysis, and sequencing. These isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (84.2%), streptomycin (84.2%), enrofloxacin (71.3%), and ampicillin (67.3%), and most of the tetracycline, streptomycin, enrofloxacin, and ampicillin resistances were associated with tetA and/or tetB, aadA and/or strA-strB, mutations in gyrA and/or parC, and TEM, respectively. Class 1 integrons were detected in 40 isolates (39.6%), and a variety of gene cassettes conferring streptomycin (aadA), gentamicin (aadB), and trimethoprim (dfr) resistances were identified: aadA1a (27.5%), dfrV-orfD (2.5%), aadB-aadA1a (2.5%), dfrI-aadA1a (47.5%), dfrXVII-aadA5 (12.5%), and dfrXII-orfF-aadA2 (7.5%). In addition, several types of common promoters (Pant) of the gene cassettes (hybrid P1, weak P1, or weak P1 plus P2) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in aadA1a were identified. The results of a chronological analysis demonstrated significant and continuous increases in the frequencies of resistances to several antibiotics (tetracycline, streptomycin, enrofloxacin, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and of the relevant resistance genes (tetA, strA-strB, and TEM), mutations in gyrA and parC, and multidrug-resistant APEC strains during the period 2000 to 2005.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Avian Influenza Virus, Zoonotic Disease Institute (ZooDI), Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea. Phone: 82-2-880-1288. Fax: 82-2-885-6614. E-mail: kwonhj01{at}snu.ac.kr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 August 2007.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2007, p. 3309-3315, Vol. 45, No. 10
0095-1137/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01922-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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