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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2007, p. 921-927, Vol. 45, No. 3
0095-1137/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01918-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

First Molecular Epidemiology Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Burkina Faso{triangledown}

S. Godreuil,1,4* G. Torrea,2 D. Terru,1 F. Chevenet,4 S. Diagbouga,2 P. Supply,3 P. Van de Perre,1,2 C. Carriere,1 and A. L. Bañuls4

Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Universitaire Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, F-34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,1 Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso,2 Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Pathogenèse Bactérienne, INSERM U629, and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,3 GEMI, UMR CNRS-IRD 9926, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France4

Received 15 September 2006/ Returned for modification 15 November 2006/ Accepted 10 January 2007

We conducted a molecular epidemiology study on 120 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients presenting pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Burkina Faso. Classical antibiogram studies and genetic characterization, using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing and spoligotyping, were applied after culture. Molecular analysis of specific signatures showed that all TB cases reported in this study were caused by M. tuberculosis and identified no Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium africanum isolates. This result is unexpected, as M. africanum strains were reportedly the etiologic agent in 20% of TB cases 2 decades ago. The comparison of spoligotypes from Burkina Faso with an international spoligotype database (SpolDB4) showed that the majority of isolates belong to major clades of M. tuberculosis (Haarlem, 9%; Latin American-Mediterranean, 30%; and T, 20%). The predominant group of isolates (30%) corresponds to spoligotype 61, described in Cameroon as the "Cameroon family." In Burkina Faso, as in Cameroon, this family could be associated with recent transmission of TB, suggesting a recent expansion in West Africa. Our data suggest a low level of primary drug resistance that may be a positive result of the Directly Observed Therapy Shortcourse program. Besides, based on spoligotyping plus MIRU-VNTR, data showed a high number of clusters in our sample, suggesting a high level of recent TB transmission in Burkina Faso. Nevertheless, an important genetic polymorphism was observed in this country, reflecting an endemicity situation where the control of TB would have less impact in the main towns.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: GEMI, UMR CNRS-IRD 9926, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. Phone: 33 4 67 33 58 84. Fax: 33 4 67 33 58 93. E-mail: s-godreuil{at}chu-montpellier.fr.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 24 January 2007.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2007, p. 921-927, Vol. 45, No. 3
0095-1137/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01918-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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