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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2007, p. 1684-1689, Vol. 45, No. 6
0095-1137/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00265-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Association of the Pneumococcal Pilus with Certain Capsular Serotypes but Not with Increased Virulence

Alan Basset,¹ Krzysztof Trzcinski,² Christina Hermos,¹ Katherine L. O'Brien,⁴ Raymond Reid,⁴ Mathuram Santosham,⁴ Alexander J. McAdam,³ Marc Lipsitch,^2, and Richard Malley^1,*

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine,¹ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston Massachusetts,³ Departments of Epidemiology and Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts,² Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland⁴

Received 2 February 2007/ Returned for modification 13 March 2007/ Accepted 19 March 2007

The recent discovery of a mobile genetic element encoding a pilus-like structure in Streptococcus pneumoniae and the demonstration of a role for the pilus in virulence in mice have led to the proposal of the use of the pilus as a candidate pneumococcal vaccine. We examined the frequency of occurrence of the pneumococcal pilus, as determined by the presence of the rrgC gene, and analyzed its association with virulence, capsular serotypes, and multilocus sequence types in the American Indian pneumococcal collection and isolates of S. pneumoniae from blood cultures collected at Children's Hospital Boston. Overall, 21.4% of strains in the American Indian collection had the rrgC gene, but there was no difference between isolates obtained from the nasopharynx and those obtained from sterile sites (blood or cerebrospinal fluid). Vaccine-type strains were significantly more likely than non-vaccine-type strains to have this pilus gene (P < 0.001). Among isolates with identical multilocus sequence types, there was a high concordance (95%) between the multilocus sequence type and the presence or the absence of rrgC. Finally, in the era of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the frequency of rrgC in isolates from Children's Hospital Boston has decreased significantly (42.8% before 2000 versus 21.3% after 2000; P = 0.019). Therefore, our data show that the pilus is present in a minority of strains and is associated with certain serotypes and that its frequency has been reduced by the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Enders 861.3, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 919-2902. Fax: (617) 730-0255. E-mail: richard.malley{at}childrens.harvard.edu

Published ahead of print on 28 March 2007.

These two authors contributed equally to this project.

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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2007, p. 1684-1689, Vol. 45, No. 6
0095-1137/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00265-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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