This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow An author's correction has been published
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Pfaller, M. A.
Right arrow Articles by Diekema, D. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Pfaller, M. A.
Right arrow Articles by Diekema, D. J.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2008, p. 150-156, Vol. 46, No. 1
0095-1137/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01901-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

In Vitro Susceptibility of Invasive Isolates of Candida spp. to Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin: Six Years of Global Surveillance{triangledown}

M. A. Pfaller,1* L. Boyken,1 R. J. Hollis,1 J. Kroeger,1 S. A. Messer,1 S. Tendolkar,1 and D. J. Diekema1,2

Departments of Pathology,1 Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa2

Received 24 September 2007/ Returned for modification 7 November 2007/ Accepted 12 November 2007

The echinocandins are being used increasingly as therapy for invasive candidiasis. Prospective sentinel surveillance for the emergence of in vitro resistance to the echinocandins among invasive Candida sp. isolates is indicated. We determined the in vitro activities of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against 5,346 invasive (bloodstream or sterile-site) isolates of Candida spp. collected from over 90 medical centers worldwide from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2006. We performed susceptibility testing according to the CLSI M27-A2 method and used RPMI 1640 broth, 24-h incubation, and a prominent inhibition endpoint for determination of the MICs. Of 5,346 invasive Candida sp. isolates, species distribution was 54% C. albicans, 14% C. parapsilosis, 14% C. glabrata, 12% C. tropicalis, 3% C. krusei, 1% C. guilliermondii, and 2% other Candida spp. Overall, all three echinocandins were very active against Candida: anidulafungin (MIC50, 0.06 µg/ml; MIC90, 2 µg/ml), caspofungin (MIC50, 0.03 µg/ml; MIC90, 0.25 µg/ml), micafungin (MIC50, 0.015 µg/ml; MIC90, 1 µg/ml). More than 99% of isolates were inhibited by ≤2 µg/ml of all three agents. Results by species (expressed as the percentages of isolates inhibited by ≤2 µg/ml of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin, respectively) were as follows: for C. albicans, 99.6%, 100%, and 100%; for C. parapsilosis, 92.5%, 99.9%, and 100%; for C. glabrata, 99.9%, 99.9%, and 100%; for C. tropicalis, 100%, 99.8%, and 100%; for C. krusei, 100%, 100%, and 100%; and for C. guilliermondii, 90.2%, 95.1%, and 100%. There was no significant change in the activities of the three echinocandins over the 6-year study period and no difference in activity by geographic region. All three echinocandins have excellent in vitro activities against invasive strains of Candida isolated from centers worldwide. Our prospective sentinel surveillance reveals no evidence of emerging echinocandin resistance among invasive clinical isolates of Candida spp.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Medical Microbiology Division, C606 GH, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 356-8615. Fax: (319) 356-4916. E-mail: michael-pfaller{at}uiowa.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 21 November 2007.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2008, p. 150-156, Vol. 46, No. 1
0095-1137/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01901-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Ikawa, K., Nomura, K., Morikawa, N., Ikeda, K., Taniwaki, M. (2009). Assessment of micafungin regimens by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis: a dosing strategy for Aspergillus infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 64: 840-844 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Kroeger, J., Diekema, D. J. (2009). Variation in Susceptibility of Bloodstream Isolates of Candida glabrata to Fluconazole According to Patient Age and Geographic Location in the United States in 2001 to 2007. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 3185-3190 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L. B., Hollis, R. J., Kroeger, J., Tendolkar, S., Pfaller, M. A. (2009). In Vitro Activity of Seven Systemically Active Antifungal Agents against a Large Global Collection of Rare Candida Species as Determined by CLSI Broth Microdilution Methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 3170-3177 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Kroeger, J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J. (2009). In Vitro Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus spp. to Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin: a Head-to-Head Comparison Using the CLSI M38-A2 Broth Microdilution Method. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 3323-3325 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sucher, A. J, Chahine, E. B, Balcer, H. E (2009). Echinocandins: The Newest Class of Antifungals. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 43: 1647-1657 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nguyen, K. T., Ta, P., Hoang, B. T., Cheng, S., Hao, B., Nguyen, M. H., Clancy, C. J. (2009). Anidulafungin Is Fungicidal and Exerts a Variety of Postantifungal Effects against Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 3347-3352 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Silva, A. P., Miranda, I. M., Lisboa, C., Pina-Vaz, C., Rodrigues, A. G. (2009). Prevalence, Distribution, and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Candida parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 2392-2397 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pai, M. P. (2009). Antifungal Combinations against Simulated Candida albicans Endocardial Vegetations. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 2629-2631 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jacobson, M. J., Steckelberg, K. E., Piper, K. E., Steckelberg, J. M., Patel, R. (2009). In Vitro Activity of Micafungin against Planktonic and Sessile Candida albicans Isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 2638-2639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cuenca-Estrella, M., Gomez-Lopez, A., Mellado, E., Monzon, A., Buitrago, M. J., Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L. (2009). Activity Profile In Vitro of Micafungin against Spanish Clinical Isolates of Common and Emerging Species of Yeasts and Molds. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 2192-2195 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Katiyar, S. K., Edlind, T. D. (2009). Role for Fks1 in the Intrinsic Echinocandin Resistance of Fusarium solani as Evidenced by Hybrid Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 1772-1778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Arendrup, M. C., Garcia-Effron, G., Buzina, W., Mortensen, K. L., Reiter, N., Lundin, C., Jensen, H. E., Lass-Florl, C., Perlin, D. S., Bruun, B. (2009). Breakthrough Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans Double Infection during Caspofungin Treatment: Laboratory Characteristics and Implication for Susceptibility Testing. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 1185-1193 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garcia-Effron, G., Park, S., Perlin, D. S. (2009). Correlating Echinocandin MIC and Kinetic Inhibition of fks1 Mutant Glucan Synthases for Candida albicans: Implications for Interpretive Breakpoints. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 112-122 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lockhart, S. R., Messer, S. A., Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J. (2009). Identification and Susceptibility Profile of Candida fermentati from a Worldwide Collection of Candida guilliermondii Clinical Isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 242-244 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garcia-Effron, G., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Lewis, R. E., Perlin, D. S. (2008). Caspofungin-Resistant Candida tropicalis Strains Causing Breakthrough Fungemia in Patients at High Risk for Hematologic Malignancies. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 4181-4183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Trofa, D., Gacser, A., Nosanchuk, J. D. (2008). Candida parapsilosis, an Emerging Fungal Pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21: 606-625 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Desnos-Ollivier, M., Ragon, M., Robert, V., Raoux, D., Gantier, J.-C., Dromer, F. (2008). Debaryomyces hansenii (Candida famata), a Rare Human Fungal Pathogen Often Misidentified as Pichia guilliermondii (Candida guilliermondii). J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 3237-3242 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ruan, S.-Y., Chu, C.-C., Hsueh, P.-R. (2008). In Vitro Susceptibilities of Invasive Isolates of Candida Species: Rapid Increase in Rates of Fluconazole Susceptible-Dose Dependent Candida glabrata Isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 2919-2922 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lockhart, S. R., Messer, S. A., Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J. (2008). Geographic Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Newly Described Species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis in Comparison to the Closely Related Species Candida parapsilosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 2659-2664 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Rex, J. H., Alexander, B. D., Andes, D., Brown, S. D., Chaturvedi, V., Ghannoum, M. A., Knapp, C. C., Sheehan, D. J., Walsh, T. J. (2008). Correlation of MIC with Outcome for Candida Species Tested against Caspofungin, Anidulafungin, and Micafungin: Analysis and Proposal for Interpretive MIC Breakpoints. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 2620-2629 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garcia-Effron, G., Katiyar, S. K., Park, S., Edlind, T. D., Perlin, D. S. (2008). A Naturally Occurring Proline-to-Alanine Amino Acid Change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis Accounts for Reduced Echinocandin Susceptibility. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 2305-2312 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Chaturvedi, V., Diekema, D. J., Ghannoum, M. A., Holliday, N. M., Killian, S. B., Knapp, C. C., Messer, S. A., Miskov, A., Ramani, R. (2008). Clinical Evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Panel for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the Echinocandins Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 2155-2159 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»