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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2008, p. 1178-1184, Vol. 46, No. 4
0095-1137/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.02011-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Nocardia wallacei sp. nov. and Nocardia blacklockiae sp. nov., Human Pathogens and Members of the "Nocardia transvalensis Complex"

Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland,¹ Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Foodborne, Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia,² University of Texas Health Center, Department of Microbiology, Tyler, Texas³

Received 12 October 2007/ Returned for modification 21 December 2007/ Accepted 28 January 2008

Nocardia isolates that share the property of in vitro amikacin resistance are grouped together by some authors in the Nocardia transvalensis complex. Our examination of 13 isolates that are amikacin resistant has revealed the existence of three distinct species. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA, 65-kDa heat shock protein, and secA1 genes, coupled with DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that "N. asteroides drug pattern IV," "N. transvalensis new taxon 1," and N. transvalensis sensu stricto should each be considered a distinct species. The phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the proposed new species Nocardia wallacei (N. asteroides drug pattern IV) and N. blacklockiae (N. transvalensis new taxon 1) are presented and compared with those of N. transvalensis sensu stricto. The relative genetic diversity of isolates best placed with the species N. blacklockiae is also discussed. Case studies demonstrating the pathogenicity of N. wallacei and N. blacklockiae are presented. The type strain of N. wallacei is ATCC 49873 (DSM 45136), and that of N. blacklockiae is ATCC 700035 (DSM 45135).

Published ahead of print on 6 February 2008.