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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2009, p. 3073-3081, Vol. 47, No. 10
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00569-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain Diversity{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Christina O. Igboin,1 Ann L. Griffen,2 and Eugene J. Leys1*

Division of Oral Biology,1 Section of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 432102

Received 19 March 2009/ Returned for modification 14 May 2009/ Accepted 31 July 2009

Porphyromonas gingivalis is implicated in the etiology of chronic periodontitis. Genotyping studies suggest that genetic variability exists among P. gingivalis strains; however, the extent of variability remains unclear and regions of variability remain largely unidentified. To assess P. gingivalis strain diversity, we previously used heteroduplex analysis of the ribosomal operon intergenic spacer region (ISR) to type strains in clinical samples and identified 22 heteroduplex types. Additionally, we used ISR sequence analysis to determine the relatedness of P. gingivalis strains to one another and demonstrated a link between ISR sequence phylogeny and the disease-associated phenotype of the strains. In the current study, heteroduplex analysis of the ISR was used to determine the worldwide genetic variability and distribution of P. gingivalis, and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis was used to more comprehensively examine the variability of major heteroduplex type strains by using the entire genome. Heteroduplex analysis of clinical samples from geographically diverse populations identified 6 predominant geographically widespread heteroduplex types (prevalence, ≥5%) and 14 rare heterodpulex types (prevalence, <2%) which are found in one or a few locations. CGH analysis of the genomes of seven clinically prevalent heteroduplex type strains identified 133 genes from strain W83 that were divergent in at least one of the other strains. The relatedness of the strains to one another determined on the basis of genome content (microarray) analysis was highly similar to their relatedness determined on the basis of ISR sequence analysis, and a striking correlation between the genome contents and disease-associated phenotypes of the strains was observed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, 3190 Postle Hall, 305 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210. Phone: (614) 292-5273. Fax: (614) 247-6945. E-mail: leys.1{at}osu.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 August 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jcm.asm.org/.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2009, p. 3073-3081, Vol. 47, No. 10
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00569-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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