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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 2009, p. 3507-3513, Vol. 47, No. 11
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01062-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Frequent Detection of Highly Diverse Variants of Cardiovirus, Cosavirus, Bocavirus, and Circovirus in Sewage Samples Collected in the United States{triangledown}

O. Blinkova,1,2 K. Rosario,3 L. Li,1,2 A. Kapoor,1,2 B. Slikas,1,2 F. Bernardin,1,2 M. Breitbart,3 and E. Delwart1,2*

Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California,1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California,2 University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida3

Received 1 June 2009/ Returned for modification 9 August 2009/ Accepted 18 September 2009

Untreated sewage samples from 12 cities in the United States were screened for the presence of recently characterized RNA and DNA viruses found at high prevalence in the stool specimens of South Asian children. Genetic variants of human cosaviruses and cardioviruses in the Picornaviridae family and of DNA circoviruses and human bocaviruses were detected, expanding the known genetic diversity and geographic range of these newly identified viruses. All four virus groups were detected in sewage samples of less than a milliliter from multiple U.S. cities. PCR screening of particle-protected viral nucleic acid in sewage samples could therefore rapidly establish the presence and determine the diversity of four newly described enteric viruses in large urban populations. More frequent and deeper sampling of viral nucleic acids in sewage samples could be used to monitor changes in the prevalence and genetic composition of these and other novel enteric viruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA 94118. Phone: (415) 923-5763. Fax: (415) 567-5899. E-mail: delwarte{at}medicine.ucsf.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 30 September 2009.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 2009, p. 3507-3513, Vol. 47, No. 11
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01062-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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