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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2009, p. 2895-2900, Vol. 47, No. 9
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00745-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Prevalence and Clinical Characterization of a Newly Identified Human Rhinovirus C Species in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections {triangledown}

Yu Jin,1,3,{dagger} Xin-Hui Yuan,1,2,{dagger} Zhi-Ping Xie,2,{dagger} Han-Chun Gao,2 Jing-Rong Song,1,2 Rong-Fang Zhang,1,2 Zi-Qian Xu,2 Li-Shu Zheng,2 Yun-De Hou,2 and Zhao-Jun Duan2*

Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China,1 State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China,2 Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China3

Received 13 April 2009/ Returned for modification 22 May 2009/ Accepted 14 July 2009

Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) is a newly identified genotype of HRV found in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs); however, its epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics are not well understood. In this study, Chinese children with RTIs were screened for HRV-C and their epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed. From December 2006 to November 2007, 406 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children younger than 14 years of age with RTIs were screened for HRV and other common respiratory viruses by PCR or reverse transcription-PCR. Two-hundred twenty-four (55.2%) of the specimens were infected with at least one virus, including 53 patients with HRV (13%). HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C were detected in 22, 12, and 19 specimens, respectively. HRV-C was detected mainly from December 2006 to April 2007 and from October to November 2007, with peaks in December and April (10/19). Acute upper respiratory infection and bronchopneumonia were observed in 53 and 37% of the cases, respectively. The most common symptoms were cough (82%), runny nose (53%), and fever (37%). Wheezing and bronchiolitis were less common in patients infected with HRV-C than in those infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Partial sequencing of the genes coding for VP4 and VP2 revealed that the HRV-C strains were 56 to 62% identical at the amino acid level to HRV-B and HRV-A reference strains and 80 to 99% identical to HRV-C reference strains. In conclusion, HRV-C is an important cause of RTIs in children, and highly diversified strains of HRV-C are prevalent in China. HRV-C may produce different epidemiological features, and patients infected with HRV-C may exhibit different clinical features from patients infected with RSV or HRV-A/B.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Viral Diarrhea, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xuan-Wu District, Beijing 100052, China. Phone: 86-10-6358, ext. 1342. Fax: 86-10-8354, ext. 8065. E-mail: zhaojund{at}126.com

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 22 July 2009.

{dagger} Y.J., X.-H.Y., and Z.-P.X. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2009, p. 2895-2900, Vol. 47, No. 9
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00745-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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