Grant support was received from the National Institute of Health
(DOH85-HR-522) and the National Science Council
(NSC87-2315-B-182-003-MH), Taiwan, Republic of China.
| 1.
|
Bal, V.,
S. N. Amin,
S. Rath,
S. A. Kamat,
A. J. Zuckerman,
S. N. Marathe, and R. S. Kamat.
1987.
Virological markers and antibody responses in fulminant viral hepatitis.
J. Med. Virol.
23:75-82[Medline].
|
| 2.
|
Chu, C. M.,
I. S. Sheen, and Y. F. Liaw.
1988.
The etiology of acute hepatitis in Taiwan: acute hepatitis superimposed upon HBsAg carrier state as the main etiology of acute hepatitis in areas with high HBsAg carrier rate.
Infection
16:233-237[Medline].
|
| 3.
|
Chu, C. M.,
I. S. Sheen, and Y. F. Liaw.
1994.
The role of hepatitis C virus infection in fulminant viral hepatitis in an area with endemic hepatitis A and B.
Gastroenterology
107:189-195[Medline].
|
| 4.
|
Chu, C. M.,
Y. F. Liaw,
C. C. Pao, and M. J. Huang.
1989.
The etiology of acute hepatitis superimposed upon previously unrecognized asymptomatic HBsAg carrier.
Hepatology
9:452-456[Medline].
|
| 5.
|
Chu, C. M.,
P. Karayannis,
M. J. F. Fowler,
J. Monjardino,
Y. F. Liaw, and H. C. Thomas.
1985.
Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan: studies of hepatitis B virus DNA in Serum.
Hepatology
5:431-4[Medline].
|
| 6.
|
Decker, R. H.,
S. M. Kosakowski,
A. S. Vanderbilt,
C. M. Liang, and R. Chairez.
1981.
Diagnosis of acute hepatitis A by HAVAB-M, a direct radioimmunoassay for IgM anti-HAV.
Am. J. Clin. Pathol.
76:140-147[Medline].
|
| 7.
|
Feray, C.,
M. Gigou,
D. Samuel,
G. Reyes,
J. Bernuau,
M. Reynes,
H. Bismuth, and C. Brechot.
1993.
Hepatitis C virus RNA and hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and liver of patients with fulminant hepatitis.
Gastroenterology
104:549-555[Medline].
|
| 8.
|
Goldsmith, R.,
P. O. Yargough,
G. R. Reyes,
K. E. Fry,
K. A. Gabor,
M. Kamel,
S. Zakaria,
S. Amer, and Y. Gaffar.
1992.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of acute sporadic hepatitis E in Egyptian children.
Lancet
339:328-331[Medline].
|
| 9.
|
Govindarajan, S.,
K. P. Chin,
A. G. Redeker, and R. L. Peters.
1984.
Fulminant B virus hepatitis: role of delta agent.
Gastroenterology
86:1417-1420[Medline].
|
| 10.
|
Hoofnagle, J. H.
1983.
Serodiagnosis of acute viral hepatitis.
Hepatology
3:267-268[Medline].
|
| 11.
|
Hoofnagle, J. H.
1989.
Type D (delta) hepatitis.
JAMA
261:1321-1325[Abstract].
|
| 12.
|
Hosien, B.,
C. T. Fang,
M. A. Poporsky,
J. Ye,
M. Zhang, and C. Y. Wang.
1991.
Improved serodiagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection with synthetic peptide antigen from capsid protein.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
88:3647-3651[Abstract/Free Full Text].
|
| 13.
|
Hsieh, S. Y.,
P. Y. Yang,
H. C. Chen, and Y. F. Liaw.
1997.
Cloning and characterization of the extreme 5'-terminal sequences of the RNA genomes of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
94:3206-3210[Abstract/Free Full Text].
|
| 14.
|
Hsieh, S. Y.,
P. Y. Yang,
Y. P. Ho,
C. M. Chu, and Y. F. Liaw.
1998.
Identification of a novel strain of hepatitis E virus responsible for sporadic acute hepatitis in Taiwan.
J. Med. Virol.
55:300-304[Medline].
|
| 15.
|
Liaw, Y. F.,
C. C. Pao, and C. M. Chu.
1988.
Changes of serum HBV-DNA in relation to serum transaminase level during acute exacerbation in patients with chronic type B hepatitis.
Liver
8:231-235[Medline].
|
| 16.
|
Liaw, Y. F.,
K. W. Chiu,
C. M. Chu,
I. S. Sheen, and M. J. Huang.
1990.
Heterosexual transmission of hepatitis delta virus in the general population of an endemic area of hepatitis B virus infection: a prospective study.
J. Infect. Dis.
162:1170-1172[Medline].
|
| 17.
|
Nolte, F. S.,
C. Thurmond, and M. W. Fried.
1995.
Preclinical evaluation of AMPLICOR hepatitis C virus test for detection of hepatitis C virus RNA.
J. Clin. Microbiol.
33:1775-1778[Abstract].
|
| 18.
|
Ohkawa, K.,
N. Hayashi,
N. Yuki,
H. Hagiwara,
M. Kato,
K. Yamanoto,
H. Eguchi,
H. Fusamoto,
M. Masuzawa, and T. Kamaka.
1994.
Hepatitis C virus antibody and hepatitis C virus replication in chronic hepatitis B patients.
J. Hepatol.
21:509-514[Medline].
|
| 19.
|
Papaevangelou, G.,
N. Tassopoulos,
A. Roumeliotou-Karayannis, and C. Richardson.
1984.
Etiology of fulminant viral hepatitis in Greece.
Hepatology
4:369-372[Medline].
|
| 20.
|
Rizzetto, M.,
J. W. K. Shih, and J. L. Gerin.
1980.
The hepatitis B virus associated delta antigen 8: isolation from liver, development of solid phase radioimmunoassay for delta and anti-delta and partial characterization of delta.
J. Immunol.
125:318-324[Abstract].
|
| 21.
|
Saracco, G.,
S. Macagno,
F. Caredda,
S. Antinori, and M. Rizzetto.
1988.
Serological markers with fulminant hepatitis in persons positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. A worldwide epidemiologic and clinical survey.
Ann. Intern. Med.
108:380-383.
|
| 22.
|
Shattock, A. G.,
M. Morris,
K. Kinnane, and C. Fagan.
1989.
The serology of delta hepatitis and the detection of IgM anti-HD by EIA using serum derived delta antigen.
J. Virol. Methods
23:233-240[Medline].
|
| 23.
|
Shattock, A. G., and M. Morris.
1991.
Evaluation of commercial enzyme immunoassays for detection of hepatitis delta antigen and anti-hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and immunoglobulin M anti-HDV antibodies.
J. Clin. Microbiol.
29:1873-1876[Abstract/Free Full Text].
|
| 24.
|
Sheen, I. S.,
Y. F. Liaw,
D. Y. Lin, and C. M. Chu.
1994.
Role of hepatitis C and D viruses in the termination of chronic HBsAg carrier state: a multivariate analysis in a longitudinal follow-up study.
J. Infect. Dis.
170:358-361[Medline].
|
| 25.
|
Silva, A. E.,
B. Hosein,
R. W. Boyle,
C. T. Fang,
M. Shindo,
J. G. Waggoner,
J. H. Hoofnagle, and A. M. Di Bisceglie.
1994.
Diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C: comparison of immunoassays and the polymerase chain reaction.
Am. J. Gastroenterol.
89:493-496[Medline].
|
| 26.
|
Smedile, A.,
P. Farci,
G. Verme,
F. Caredda,
A. Cargnel,
N. Caporaso,
P. Dentico,
C. Trepo,
P. Opolon,
A. Gimson,
D. Vergani, and R. Williams.
1982.
Influence of delta infection on severity of hepatitis B.
Lancet
ii:945-947.
|
| 27.
|
Sung, J. L.,
D. S. Chen,
M. Y. Lai,
J. Y. Yu,
T. H. Wang,
C. Y. Wang,
C. Y. Lee,
S. H. Chen, and T. M. Ko.
1984.
Epidemiological study on hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan.
Chin. J. Gastroenterol.
1:1-9.
|
| 28.
|
Tandon, B. N.,
H. Gupta,
M. Irshda,
Y. F. Joshi, and T. C. Chawla.
1987.
Associated infection with non-A, non-B virus as a possible cause of liver failure in indian HBV carriers.
Lancet
ii:750-751.
|
| 29.
|
Tassopoulos, N. C.,
G. J. Papaevangelou,
A. Roumeliotou-Karayannis,
A. Smedile,
R. Engle,
J. R. Ticehurst,
S. M. Feinstone, and R. H. Purcell.
1986.
Fulminant hepatitis in asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in Greece.
J. Med. Virol.
20:371-379[Medline].
|
| 30.
|
Wright, T. L.,
D. Mamish,
C. Combs,
M. Kim,
E. Donegan,
L. Ferrell,
J. Lake,
J. Roberts, and N. L. Ascher.
1992.
Hepatitis B virus and apparent fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Lancet
339:952-955[Medline].
|
| 31.
|
Wu, J. S.,
C. H. Chen,
Y. H. Chiang,
Y. C. Lee,
M. H. Lee,
Y. C. Ko, and H. T. Hu.
1980.
Hepatitis A virus infection in Taiwan.
J. Formos. Med. Assoc.
79:694-699.
|