This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Solomon, T.
Right arrow Articles by Cardosa, M. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Solomon, T.
Right arrow Articles by Cardosa, M. J.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 1998, p. 2030-2034, Vol. 36, No. 7
0095-1137/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Rapid Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis by Using an Immunoglobulin M Dot Enzyme Immunoassay

Tom Solomon,1,2 Le Thi Thu Thao,3 Nguyen Minh Dung,3 Rachel Kneen,1,2 Nguyen The Hung,3 Ananda Nisalak,4 David W. Vaughn,4 Jeremy Farrar,1,2 Tran Tinh Hien,3 Nicholas J. White,1,2,* and Mary Jane Cardosa5

Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Unit1 and Centre for Tropical Diseases,3 Cho Quan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Department of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand4; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom2; and Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia5

Received 30 December 1997/Returned for modification 26 February 1998/Accepted 21 April 1998

Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurs in rural settings in southern and eastern Asia, where diagnostic facilities are limited. For the diagnosis of JE virus (JEV) infection, we developed a nitrocellulose membrane-based immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture dot enzyme immunoassay (MAC DOT) that is rapid, simple to use, requires no specialized equipment, and can distinguish JEV from dengue infection. In a prospective field study in southern Vietnam, 155 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 341 serum samples were collected from 111 children and 83 adults with suspected encephalitis. The JEV MAC DOT, performed on site, was scored visually from negative to strongly positive by two observers, and the results were compared subsequently with those of the standard IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the 179 patients with adequate specimens, the MAC DOT correctly identified 59 of 60 JEV-positive patients and 118 of 119 JEV-negative patients (sensitivity [95% confidence intervals], 98.3% [92.1 to 99.9%]; specificity, 99.2% [95.9 to 100.0%]; positive predictive value, 0.98; negative predictive value, 0.99). The MAC DOT also correctly identified three patients with dengue encephalopathy. Admission specimens were positive for 73% of JE patients. Interobserver agreement for MAC DOT diagnosis was excellent (kappa = 0.94). The JEV MAC DOT is a simple and reliable rapid diagnostic test for JE in rural hospitals.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Diseases, Cho Quan Hospital, 190 Ben Ham Tu, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Phone: 848 835 3954. Fax: 848 835 3904. E-mail: oxford.wellcome{at}bdvn.vnd.net.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 1998, p. 2030-2034, Vol. 36, No. 7
0095-1137/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Ompusunggu, S., Hills, S. L., Maha, M. S., Moniaga, V. A., Susilarini, N. K., Widjaya, A., Sasmito, A., Suwandono, A., Sedyaningsih, E. R., Jacobson, J. A. (2008). Confirmation of Japanese Encephalitis as an Endemic Human Disease Through Sentinel Surveillance in Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 963-970 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Parida, M. M., Santhosh, S. R., Dash, P. K., Tripathi, N. K., Saxena, P., Ambuj, S., Sahni, A. K., Lakshmana Rao, P. V., Morita, K. (2006). Development and Evaluation of Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid and Real-Time Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 4172-4178 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Solomon, T. (2004). Flavivirus Encephalitis. NEJM 351: 370-378 [Full Text]  
  • Solomon, T., Dung, N. M., Kneen, R., Thao, L. T. T., Gainsborough, M., Nisalak, A., Day, N. P. J., Kirkham, F. J., Vaughn, D. W., Smith, S., White, N. J. (2002). Seizures and raised intracranial pressure in Vietnamese patients with Japanese encephalitis. Brain 125: 1084-1093 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tiroumourougane, S V, Raghava, P, Srinivasan, S (2002). Japanese viral encephalitis. Postgrad. Med. J. 78: 205-215 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wong, S C, Ooi, M H, Wong, M N L, Tio, P H, Solomon, T, Cardosa, M J (2001). Late presentation of Nipah virus encephalitis and kinetics of the humoral immune response. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 71: 552-554 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Solomon, T., Cardosa, M. J. (2000). Emerging arboviral encephalitis. BMJ 321: 1484-1485 [Full Text]  
  • Solomon, T., Dung, N. M., Kneen, R., Gainsborough, M., Vaughn, D. W, Khanh, V. T. (2000). NEUROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TROPICAL DISEASE: Japanese encephalitis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 68: 405-415 [Full Text]  
  • Cuzzubbo, A. J., Endy, T. P., Vaughn, D. W., Solomon, T., Nisalak, A., Kalayanarooj, S., Dung, N. M., Warrilow, D., Aaskov, J., Devine, P. L. (1999). Evaluation of a New Commercially Available Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis Infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 3738-3741 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»