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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 1999, p. 3828-3834, Vol. 37, No. 12
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identity of a Novel Swine Hepatitis E Virus in Taiwan Forming a Monophyletic Group with Taiwan Isolates of Human Hepatitis E Virus

Sen-Yung Hsieh,1,2,* Xiang-Jin Meng,3,dagger Ying-Hua Wu,1,2 Shih-Tung Liu,2 Albert W. Tam,4 Dneg-Yn Lin,1 and Yun-Fan Liaw1

Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,1 and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University,2 Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 208923; and Molecular Virology Department, Genelabs Technologies, Redwood City, California 940634

Received 18 June 1999/Returned for modification 12 August 1999/Accepted 31 August 1999

Recently, we found that more than 10% of the cases of acute non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis in Taiwan were caused by a novel strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Since none of these patients had a history of travel to areas where HEV is endemic, the source of transmission remains unclear. The recent discovery of a swine HEV in herd pigs in the United States has led us to speculate that HEV may also circulate in herd pigs in Taiwan and may serve as a reservoir for HEV in Taiwan. Of 275 herd pigs obtained from 10 pig farms in Taiwan, 102 (37%) were seropositive for serum anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG). A 185-bp genomic sequence within the ORF-2 of the HEV genome was amplified and cloned from serum samples of an anti-HEV positive pig and subsequently from serum samples of a patient with acute hepatitis E. Sequence comparison revealed that the swine and human isolates of HEV share 97.3% identity. Phylogenetic analyses further showed that the Taiwan swine and human isolates of HEV form a distinct branch divergent from all other known strains of HEV, including the U.S. swine strain. To examine the potential risk of cross-species transmission of swine HEV to humans, the seroprevalences of anti-HEV IgG in 30 swine handlers, 20 pork dealers, and 50 control subjects were assessed and were found to be 26.7, 15, and 8%, respectively (for swine handlers versus controls, P = 0.048). Our findings may help provide an understanding of the modes of HEV transmission and may also raise potential public health concerns for HEV zoonosis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 199 Tung Hua North Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 155. Phone: 886-3-3281200, ext. 8107. Fax: 886-3-3272236 and 886-3-3282824. E-mail: siming{at}adm.cgmh.com.tw.

dagger Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 1999, p. 3828-3834, Vol. 37, No. 12
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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