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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 1999, p. 653-663, Vol. 37, No. 3
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Varieties and Geographical Groups of the Human Pathogenic Fungus Histoplasma capsulatum Darling

Takao Kasuga,1,* John W. Taylor,2 and Thomas J. White1

Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, California 94501,1 and Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 947202

Received 22 June 1998/Returned for modification 25 September 1998/Accepted 11 December 1998

The phylogeny of 46 geographically diverse Histoplasma capsulatum isolates representing the three varieties capsulatum, duboisii, and farciminosum was evaluated using partial DNA sequences of four protein coding genes. Parsimony and distance analysis of the separate genes were generally congruent and analysis of the combined data identified six clades: (i) class 1 North American H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, (ii) class 2 North American H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, (iii) Central American H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, (iv) South American H. capsulatum var. capsulatum group A, (v) South American H. capsulatum var. capsulatum group B, and (vi) H. capsulatum var. duboisii. Although the clades were generally well supported, the relationships among them were not resolved and the nearest outgroups (Blastomyces and Paracoccidioides) were too distant to unequivocally root the H. capsulatum tree. H. capsulatum var. farciminosum was found within the South American H. capsulatum var. capsulatum group A clade. With the exception of the South American H. capsulatum var. capsulatum group A clade, genetic distances within clades were an order of magnitude lower than those between clades, and each clade was supported by a number of shared derived nucleotide substitutions, leading to the conclusion that each clade was genetically isolated from the others. Under a phylogenetic species concept based on possession of multiple shared derived characters, as well as concordance of four gene genealogies, H. capsulatum could be considered to harbor six species instead of three varieties.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Roche Molecular Systems, 1145 Atlantic Ave., Alameda, CA 94501. Phone: (510) 814-2947. Fax: (510) 522-1285. E-mail: takao.kasuga{at}roche.com.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 1999, p. 653-663, Vol. 37, No. 3
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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