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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 1999, p. 1107-1112, Vol. 37, No. 4
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Strain Variation in Adenovirus Serotypes 4 and 7a Causing Acute Respiratory Disease

Leta K. Crawford-Miksza,1,* Roberto N. Nang,2 and David P. Schnurr1

Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California State Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California 94704,1 and U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 210102

Received 5 August 1998/Returned for modification 30 September 1998/Accepted 18 November 1998

In order to determine the suitability of vaccine strains established in the 1960s for a new vaccine, a comprehensive study of strain variation of adenovirus serotype 4 (AV 4) and AV 7 was undertaken. A 1,500-bp region of the hexon gene containing the AV neutralization epitopes from prototype, vaccine, and community-acquired strains and from wild-type strains from military personnel that cause acute respiratory disease (ARD) was sequenced and analyzed. The whole hexon gene from prototype strains, vaccine strains, and selected isolates was sequenced. AV 7 and AV 7a were found to have distinct genotypes, and all vaccine and wild-type strains recovered from 1963 to 1997 had the AV 7a genotype. There was no significant strain variation in the neutralization epitopes of the AV 7a genotype over a 42-year period. The evolution of AV 4 was more complex, with continuous genetic drift punctuated by replacement with a new strain. The current strain of AV 4, which has been in circulation since 1995, is significantly different from the AV 4 prototype and the vaccine strains. Genetic differences were confirmed to be antigenic differences by neutralization tests, which define the new strain as an AV 4 variant. A type-specific PCR for AV 4, AV 7/7a, and AV 21 was developed, and this PCR facilitated the rapid identification of isolates from outbreaks of ARD.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Health Services, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley CA 94704. Phone: (510) 540-2560. Fax: (510) 540-3305.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 1999, p. 1107-1112, Vol. 37, No. 4
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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