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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2000, p. 1053-1057, Vol. 38, No. 3
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

An Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Reveals High Levels of the Dengue Virus Protein NS1 in the Sera of Infected Patients

Paul R. Young,1,2,* Paige A. Hilditch,2 Cheryl Bletchly,1 and Wendy Halloran2

Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029,1 and Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072,2 Australia

Received 7 September 1999/Returned for modification 2 December 1999/Accepted 24 December 1999

We describe the development of a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1. The assay employs rabbit polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as the capture and detection antibodies, respectively. Immunoaffinity-purified NS1 derived from dengue 2 virus-infected cells was used as a standard to establish a detection sensitivity of approximately 4 ng/ml for an assay employing monoclonal antibodies recognizing a dengue 2 serotype-specific epitope. A number of serotype cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies were also shown to be suitable probes for the detection of NS1 expressed by the remaining three dengue virus serotypes. Examination of clinical samples demonstrated that the assay was able to detect NS1 with minimal interference from serum components at the test dilutions routinely used, suggesting that it could form the basis of a useful additional diagnostic test for dengue virus infection. Furthermore, quantitation of NS1 levels in patient sera may prove to be a valuable surrogate marker for viremia. Surprisingly high levels of NS1, as much as 15 µg/ml, were found in acute-phase sera taken from some of the patients experiencing serologically confirmed dengue 2 virus secondary infections but was not detected in the convalescent sera of these patients. In contrast, NS1 could not be detected in either acute-phase or convalescent serum samples taken from patients with serologically confirmed primary infection. The presence of high levels of secreted NS1 in the sera of patients experiencing secondary dengue virus infections, and in the context of an anamnestic antibody response, suggests that NS1 may contribute significantly to the formation of the circulating immune complexes that are suspected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia. Phone: 61 7 3253 8718. Fax: 61 7 3253 1401. E-mail: p.young{at}mailbox.uq.edu.au.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2000, p. 1053-1057, Vol. 38, No. 3
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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