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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2000, p. 3110-3111, Vol. 38, No. 8
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Recovery and Identification of West Nile Virus from a Hawk in Winter

Antonio E. Garmendia,1,* Herbert J. Van Kruiningen,1 Richard A. French,1 John F. Anderson,2 Theodore G. Andreadis,2 Asok Kumar,3 and A. Brian West3

Department of Pathobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 062681; Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 065042; and Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 100163

Received 10 May 2000/Accepted 6 June 2000

West Nile virus was recovered from the brain of a red-tailed hawk that died in Westchester County, N.Y., in February 2000. Multiple foci of glial cells, lymphocytes, and a few pyknotic nuclei were observed in the brain. Three to 4 days after inoculation of Vero cells with brain homogenates, cytopathic changes were detected. The presence of West Nile virus antigen in fixed cells or cell lysates was revealed by fluorescent antibody testing or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Furthermore, Reverse transcriptase-PCR with primers specific for the NS3 gene of West Nile virus resulted in an amplicon of the expected size (470 bp). Electron microscopy of thin sections of infected Vero cells revealed the presence of viral particles approximately 40 nm in diameter, within cytoplasmic vesicles. The demonstration of infection with the West Nile virus in the dead of the winter, long after mosquitoes ceased to be active, is significant in that it testifies to the survival of the virus in the region beyond mosquito season and suggests another route of transmission: in this case, prey to predator.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathobiology, University of Connecticut, 61 N. Eagleville Rd., U-89, Storrs, CT 06269-3089. Phone: (860) 486-0821. Fax: (860) 486-2794. E-mail: Garmendi{at}Uconnvm.Uconn.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2000, p. 3110-3111, Vol. 38, No. 8
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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