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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2000, p. 3125-3127, Vol. 38, No. 8
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Two Successive Hepatitis C Virus Infections in an Intravenous Drug User

Barbara Proust,1 Frederic Dubois,1,* Yannick Bacq,2 Sophie Le Pogam,1 Sylvie Rogez,3 Romuald Levillain,1 and Alain Goudeau1

Département de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Unité de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bretonneau,1 and Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau,2 Tours, and Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges,3 France

Received 8 February 2000/Returned for modification 18 April 2000/Accepted 6 June 2000

We report the case of an occasional intravenous drug user who developed two successive hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. The first infection led to seroconversion (anti-HCV antibodies detected) and the detection of HCV RNA in serum. After a spontaneous recovery (normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels and HCV RNA clearance), a second HCV infection was observed, with the recurrence of HCV viremia. Antibody directed against HCV serotype 1 was detected throughout the follow-up monitoring, but two different HCV strains were identified during the two infectious episodes: genotype 1a for the first and genotype 3a for the second. This observation shows that primary HCV infection does not confer protective immunity against subsequent infection with viruses of other genotypes. This may hamper the development of a vaccine. Conflicting results were obtained in genotyping and serotyping assays, suggesting that the serotyping method cannot be used to identify the HCV type in patients, such as intravenous drug users, who are exposed to successive HCV infections.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Département de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Unité de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours Cedex, France. Phone: (33) 2 47 47 69 97. Fax: (33) 2 47 47 36 10. E-mail: f.dubois{at}bretonneau.chu-tours.fr.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2000, p. 3125-3127, Vol. 38, No. 8
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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