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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2001, p. 196-200, Vol. 39, No. 1
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.1.196-200.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses A and B Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR

L. J. R. van Elden,* M. Nijhuis, P. Schipper, R. Schuurman, and A. M. van Loon

Department of Virology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Received 13 July 2000/Returned for modification 21 August 2000/Accepted 11 November 2000

Since influenza viruses can cause severe illness, timely diagnosis is important for an adequate intervention. The available rapid detection methods either lack sensitivity or require complex laboratory manipulation. This study describes a rapid, sensitive detection method that can be easily applied to routine diagnosis. This method simultaneously detects influenza viruses A and B in specimens of patients with respiratory infections using a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay. Primers and probes were selected from highly conserved regions of the matrix protein gene of influenza virus A and the hemagglutinin gene segment of influenza virus B. The applicability of this multiplex PCR was evaluated with 27 influenza virus A and 9 influenza virus B reference strains and isolates. In addition, the specificity of the assay was assessed using eight reference strains of other respiratory viruses (parainfluenza viruses 1 to 3, respiratory syncytial virus Long strain, rhinoviruses 1A and 14, and coronaviruses OC43 and 229E) and 30 combined nose and throat swabs from asymptomatic subjects. Electron microscopy-counted stocks of influenza viruses A and B were used to develop a quantitative PCR format. Thirteen copies of viral RNA were detected for influenza virus A, and 11 copies were detected for influenza virus B, equaling 0.02 and 0.006 50% tissue culture infective doses, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the multiplex TaqMan-based PCR was determined by testing 98 clinical samples. This real-time PCR technique was found to be more sensitive than the combination of conventional viral culturing and shell vial culturing.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Eijkman-Winkler Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Inflammation, Department of Virology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 30 2506526. Fax: 31 30 2505426. E-mail: l.vanelden{at}digd.azu.nl.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2001, p. 196-200, Vol. 39, No. 1
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.1.196-200.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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