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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2001, p. 2197-2205, Vol. 39, No. 6
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2197-2205.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Three-Year Assessment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones in Latin America from 1996 to 1998

Marta Aires de Sousa,1 Maria Miragaia,1 Ilda Santos Sanches,1,2 Sofia Ávila,1 Inger Adamson,1,3 Silvana T. Casagrande,1,4 Maria Cristina C. Brandileone,4 Rosario Palacio,1,5 Lillia Dell'Acqua,1,5 Maria Hortal,5 Teresa Camou,5 Alicia Rossi,6 Maria Elena Velazquez-Meza,1,7 Gabriela Echaniz-Aviles,7 Fortino Solorzano-Santos,8 Ingrid Heitmann,9 and Hermínia de Lencastre1,10,*

Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB/UNL), Oeiras,1 and Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT/UNL), Monte da Caparica,2 Portugal; Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden3; Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil4; Laboratorio de Salud Publica, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay5; Servicio Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-A.N.L.I.S. "Dr. C. Malbrán," Buenos Aires, Argentina6; Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos,7 and Hospital de Pediatria, CMN, Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City,8 Mexico; Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile9; and Laboratory of Microbiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York10

Received 4 January 2001/Returned for modification 4 March 2001/Accepted 11 March 2001

Four hundred ninety-nine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered from 1996 to 1998 from 22 hospitals in five countries of Latin America---Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Mexico---were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal type in order to define the endemic clones in those hospitals. The hybridization of ClaI restriction digests with the mecA- and Tn554-specific DNA probes combined with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal SmaI digests (ClaI-mecA::ClaI-Tn554::PFGE clonal types) documented not only the predominance and persistence of the Brazilian clone (XI::B::B) in Brazil (97%) and Argentina (86%) but also its massive dissemination to Uruguay (100%). Moreover, a close relative of the Brazilian clone (XI::kappa ::B) was highly represented in Chile (53%) together with a novel clone (47%) (II::E'::F) resistant to pencillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, and gentamicin. A unique clonal type (I::NH::M) was detected in Mexico among pediatric isolates and was resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, and gentamicin only. This study clearly documented the very large capacity for geographic expansion and the persistence of the Brazilian clone, contributing not only to the increasing uniformity of the MRSA in South America but worldwide as well.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. Phone: (212) 327-8278. Fax: (212) 327-8688. E-mail: lencash{at}mail.rockefeller.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2001, p. 2197-2205, Vol. 39, No. 6
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2197-2205.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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