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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2003, p. 1609-1616, Vol. 41, No. 4
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1609-1616.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Anaplasma marginale msp1{alpha} Genotypes Evolved under Positive Selection Pressure but Are Not Markers for Geographic Isolates

José de la Fuente,1* Ronald A. Van Den Bussche,2 Tulio M. Prado,3 and Katherine M. Kocan1

Department of Veterinary Pathobiology,1 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine,3 Department of Zoology and Collection of Vertebrates, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 747082

Received 15 July 2002/ Returned for modification 16 December 2002/ Accepted 23 January 2003

Anaplasma marginale (order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae), a tick-borne pathogen of cattle, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Many geographic isolates of A. marginale occur in the United States and have been identified by major surface protein 1a (MSP1a), which varies in sequence and molecular weight due to different numbers of tandem 28- to 29-amino-acid repeats. The present study was undertaken to examine the genetic variations among isolates of A. marginale obtained during 2001 from infected cattle from east-central Oklahoma, where A. marginale is endemic. The gene and protein sequences of MSP1a and msp4 nucleotide sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships among Oklahoma and New World isolates from Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. All 11 A. marginale isolates collected from Oklahoma had different MSP1a sequences but identical MSP4 sequences. The phylogenies of the msp4 sequences of 13 isolates from Oklahoma in comparison with those of 7 Latin American isolates and 12 U.S. isolates by maximum-parsimony (MP) and maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses, with A. centrale and A. ovis sequences used as outgroups, provided strong bootstrap analysis support for a Latin American clade. Isolates of A. marginale from the southern United States (Florida, Mississippi, and Virginia) and the west-central United States (California, Idaho, Illinois, Oregon, Missouri, and Texas) also grouped into two clades. Both clades contained isolates from Oklahoma, suggesting extensive cattle movement. ML analysis of the msp4 sequences of isolates from Oklahoma provided bootstrap analysis support for east-central and north-central clades in Oklahoma, and both clades included isolates from Stillwater, Okla. Analysis of the codon and amino acid changes among the msp4 sequences of isolates with different phylogenies provided evidence that msp4 is not under positive selection pressure. In contrast, the phylogenies of the MSP1a DNA and protein sequences of 13 isolates from Oklahoma in comparison with those of 7 Latin American and 13 isolates from the United States by MP and ML analyses demonstrated no geographic clustering and provided evidence that this gene is under positive selection pressure. The results indicate that msp1{alpha} is not a marker for the characterization of A. marginale geographic isolates and suggest that the genetic heterogeneity observed among isolates of A. marginale within Oklahoma could be explained by cattle movement and the maintenance of different genotypes by independent transmission events.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, 250 McElroy Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078. Phone: (405) 744-0372. Fax: (405) 744-5275. E-mail: jose_delafuente{at}yahoo.com.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2003, p. 1609-1616, Vol. 41, No. 4
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1609-1616.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • de la Fuente, J., Massung, R. F., Wong, S. J., Chu, F. K., Lutz, H., Meli, M., von Loewenich, F. D., Grzeszczuk, A., Torina, A., Caracappa, S., Mangold, A. J., Naranjo, V., Stuen, S., Kocan, K. M. (2005). Sequence Analysis of the msp4 Gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 1309-1317 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Palmer, G. H., Knowles, D. P. Jr., Rodriguez, J.-L., Gnad, D. P., Hollis, L. C., Marston, T., Brayton, K. A. (2004). Stochastic Transmission of Multiple Genotypically Distinct Anaplasma marginale Strains in a Herd with High Prevalence of Anaplasma Infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 5381-5384 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kocan, K. M., de la Fuente, J., Guglielmone, A. A., Melendez, R. D. (2003). Antigens and Alternatives for Control of Anaplasma marginale Infection in Cattle. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16: 698-712 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de la Fuente, J., Golsteyn Thomas, E. J., Van Den Bussche, R. A., Hamilton, R. G., Tanaka, E. E., Druhan, S. E., Kocan, K. M. (2003). Characterization of Anaplasma marginale Isolated from North American Bison. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 5001-5005 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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