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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2004, p. 126-132, Vol. 42, No. 1
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.1.126-132.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Japanese Children

Takashi Ebihara,1 Rika Endo,1 Hideaki Kikuta,1* Nobuhisa Ishiguro,1 Hiroaki Ishiko,2 Michimaru Hara,3 Yutaka Takahashi,4 and Kunihiko Kobayashi1

Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine,1 Department of Pediatrics, Kohnan Hospital, Sapporo,4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo,2 Hara Pediatric Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan3

Received 21 August 2003/ Returned for modification 30 September 2003/ Accepted 9 October 2003

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been recently discovered as an etiological agent of acute respiratory infections. Our purpose was to asses the virological and clinical features of children with respiratory infections caused by hMPV. We examined 658 nasopharyngeal swab samples obtained from 637 children with respiratory infections for hMPV by using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). A total of 268 samples from 637 children were inoculated onto tertiary monkey kidney cells. A total of 36 serum samples (26 in the acute phase and 10 in the convalescent phase) from the 26 hMPV-positive children were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to hMPV by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. We detected hMPV in 57 (8.9%) of the 637 samples by using RT-PCR and isolated 7 (2.6%) hMPV strains of the 268 samples in cell cultures. A total of 12 (46.2%) of 26 hMPV-positive children were suspected to have primary infection with hMPV as determined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The infected children were diagnosed as having wheezy bronchitis (36.8%), upper respiratory tract infection (26.3%), bronchitis (22.8%), and pneumonia (14.0%). We showed that two hMPV groups were circulating in different regions during the same period and that reinfection with hMPV frequently occurs in childhood. The RT-PCR test is the most sensitive test for detection of hMPV, and a serological test may be useful to differentiate between primary infection and reinfection with hMPV.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. Phone: 81-11-716-1161. Fax: 81-11-706-7898. E-mail: hide-ki{at}med.hokudai.ac.jp.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2004, p. 126-132, Vol. 42, No. 1
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.1.126-132.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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