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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2004, p. 4524-4529, Vol. 42, No. 10
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4524-4529.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Longitudinal Study of Viruses Associated with Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease

Kerstin Erles,^1* Edward J. Dubovi,² Harriet W. Brooks,¹ and Joe Brownlie¹

Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom,¹ Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York²

Received 19 May 2004/ Returned for modification 28 June 2004/ Accepted 15 July 2004

In this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. Despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), respiratory disease was endemic. Tissue samples from the respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. The development of PCR assays for the detection of CPIV, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (CHV) is described. Surprisingly, canine adenovirus was not detected in samples from this population, whereas 19.4% of tracheal and 10.4% of lung samples were positive for CPIV and 12.8% of tracheal and 9.6% of lung samples were positive for CHV. As reported previously, a novel canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) was detected in this population (K. Erles, C. Toomey, H. W. Brooks, and J. Brownlie, Virology 310:216-223, 2003). Infections with CRCoV occurred mostly during the first week of a dog's stay at the kennel, whereas CPIV and CHV were detected at later time points. Furthermore, the evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to CPIV and an immunofluorescence assay for detection of antibodies to CHV is described. This study shows that CPIV is present at kennels despite vaccination. In addition, other agents such as CHV and CRCoV may play a role in the pathogenesis of canine respiratory disease, whereas CAV-2 and canine distemper virus were not present in this population, indicating that their prevalence in the United Kingdom is low due to widespread vaccination of dogs.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Royal Veterinary College, Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom. Phone: 0044 (0) 1707-666 486. Fax: 0044 (0) 1707-661 464. E-mail: kerles{at}rvc.ac.uk.

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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2004, p. 4524-4529, Vol. 42, No. 10
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4524-4529.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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