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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2004, p. 5767-5773, Vol. 42, No. 12
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5767-5773.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Emergence of Extended-Spectrum-ß-Lactamase (CTX-M-9)-Producing Multiresistant Strains of Salmonella enterica Serotype Virchow in Poultry and Humans in France

François-Xavier Weill,1* Renaud Lailler,2 Karine Praud,3 Annaëlle Kérouanton,2 Laëtitia Fabre,1 Anne Brisabois,2 Patrick A. D. Grimont,1 and Axel Cloeckaert3

Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Unité de Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U389, Paris,1 Unité Caractérisation et Epidémiologie Bactérienne, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Maisons-Alfort,2 Unité BioAgresseurs, Santé et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France3

Received 19 May 2004/ Returned for modification 29 June 2004/ Accepted 5 July 2004

During 2002 to 2003, eight Salmonella enterica serotype Virchow poultry and poultry product isolates from various sources (chicken farms, poultry slaughterhouse, or retail store) and one S. enterica rough strain isolated from human feces were found to produce extended-spectrum ß-lactamase CTX-M-9. Poultry and poultry product isolates were recovered from different locations in the southwest of France. The human rough isolate had sequences of flagellin genes (fliC and fljB) typical of serotype Virchow and ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns closely similar to those of serotype Virchow strains. PFGE confirmed the clonal relationship between the poultry isolates, while the human isolate displayed a pattern with 94% homology. The blaCTX-M-9 gene was located on a conjugative plasmid and was shown to be linked to orf513. Plasmid profiling found a very similar EcoRI restriction pattern in six transconjugants studied, including transconjugants obtained from the human isolate. A single hatchery, supplying chicks to the six farms, was identified. Emergence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing S. enterica strains in food animals is a major concern, as such strains could disseminate on a large scale and lead to antibiotic therapy difficulties.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Unité de Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France. Phone: 33-(0)1 45 68 83 45. Fax: 33-(0)1 5 68 88 37. E-mail: fxweill{at}pasteur.fr.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2004, p. 5767-5773, Vol. 42, No. 12
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5767-5773.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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