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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1024-1029, Vol. 42, No. 3
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1024-1029.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human ß-Defensins 2 and 3 Demonstrate Strain-Selective Activity against Oral Microorganisms

Sophie Joly,1 Connie Maze,1 Paul B. McCray Jr.,2 and Janet M. Guthmiller1,3*

Dows Institute for Dental Research,1 Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry,3 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa2

Received 16 July 2003/ Returned for modification 11 October 2003/ Accepted 29 November 2003

Human ß-defensins 2 and 3 (HBD-2 and HBD-3) are inducible peptides present at sites of infection in the oral cavity. A few studies have reported broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity for both peptides. However, no comprehensive study has thoroughly investigated their potential against oral pathogens. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of HBD-2 and HBD-3 against a collection of oral organisms (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans). Radial diffusion assays were used to test HBD-2 and HBD-3 activities against at least three strains of each species. There was significant variability in MICs, which was strain specific rather than species specific. MICs ranged from 3.9 to >250 µg/ml for HBD-2 and from 1.4 to >250 µg/ml for HBD-3. HBD-3 demonstrated greater antimicrobial activity and was effective against a broader array of organisms. Overall, aerobes were 100% susceptible to HBD-2 and HBD-3, whereas only 21.4 and 50% of the anaerobes were susceptible to HBD-2 and HBD-3, respectively. HBD-2 and HBD-3 also demonstrated strain-specific activity against the Candida species evaluated. Interestingly, an association between HBD-2 and HBD-3 activities was noted. This suggests that the two peptides may have similar mechanisms yet utilize distinct pathways. The lack of activity against specific anaerobic strains and Candida warrants further investigation of the potential resistance mechanisms of these organisms. Finally, the significant variability between strains underlies the importance of testing multiple strains when evaluating activities of antimicrobial peptides.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 335-7238. Fax: (319) 335-7239. E-mail: janet-guthmiller{at}uiowa.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1024-1029, Vol. 42, No. 3
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1024-1029.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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