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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May 2004, p. 2121-2126, Vol. 42, No. 5
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.5.2121-2126.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Serotyping of 800 Strains of Erysipelothrix Isolated from Pigs Affected with Erysipelas and Discrimination of Attenuated Live Vaccine Strain by Genotyping

Yumiko Imada,^1* Ai Takase,² Reiko Kikuma,¹ Yoshifumi Iwamaru,¹ Shigehiro Akachi,³ and Yûji Hayakawa⁴

National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856,¹ Toyama Eastern Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Toyama, Toyama 939-3548,² Mie Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Tsu, Mie 514-0061,³ Ishikawa Southern Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan⁴

Received 29 July 2003/ Returned for modification 3 November 2003/ Accepted 11 January 2004

Eight hundred Erysipelothrix strains isolated between 1992 and 2002 from swine with erysipelas in Japan were serotyped. Thirty-seven, 47, 73, and 643 strains were isolated from animals with acute septicemia, urticaria, chronic endocarditis, and chronic arthritis, respectively, of which 381, 146, 254, and 19 isolates belonged to serotypes 1a, 1b, and 2b and other serotypes, respectively. All serotype 1a isolates were further examined for acriflavine resistance and their genotypes to discriminate them from the attenuated live vaccine strain, defined as serotype 1a, which is resistant to 0.02% acriflavine and which shows low levels of pathogenicity in mice. Of the serotype 1a isolates, 64.6% were acriflavine resistant, with 98.4% of these acriflavine-resistant strains having been isolated from animals with chronic arthritis. By randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, almost all the acriflavine-resistant serotype 1a strains showed the 253-bp band characteristic of vaccine strains and were easily discriminated from all 113 strains of acriflavine-sensitive serotype 1a strains from animals with acute and subacute swine erysipelas. The incidence of acriflavine-resistant strains of the distinctive RAPD type 1-2 was markedly higher than that of the other RAPD types and serotypes. RAPD type 1-2 strains also included a specific group identifiable by restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA analysis. Furthermore, the pathogenicities of 29 isolates of RAPD type 1-2 for mice were lower than those of the 21 isolates of other RAPD types. Our results indicate that RAPD type 1-2 strains are live vaccine strains and that 37% of the cases of chronic swine erysipelas detected in the past 11 years in Japan have occurred as a side effect of live vaccine use.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biologicals Production, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan. Phone and fax: 81-(0)29-838-7874. E-mail: yumima{at}affrc.go.jp.

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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May 2004, p. 2121-2126, Vol. 42, No. 5
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.5.2121-2126.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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