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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2004, p. 4077-4082, Vol. 42, No. 9
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4077-4082.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Isoenzymatic Analysis of 712 Strains of Leishmania infantum in the South of France and Relationship of Enzymatic Polymorphism to Clinical and Epidemiological Features

Francine Pratlong,1 Jean-Antoine Rioux,1 Pierre Marty,2 Françoise Faraut-Gambarelli,3 Jacques Dereure,1 Geneviève Lanotte,1 and Jean-Pierre Dedet1*

Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie and Centre National de Référence des Leishmania, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier,1 Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Hôpital de l'Archet, CHU de Nice, Nice,2 Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hopital La Timone, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France3

Received 16 April 2004/ Returned for modification 18 May 2004/ Accepted 27 May 2004

In the south of France, leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum occurs in the following five foci of endemicity (from west to east): Pyrénées-Orientales, Cévennes, Provence, Côte d'Azur, and Corsica. Between 1981 and 2002, 712 Leishmania strains obtained from humans, dogs, cats, and sand flies were studied by isoenzyme analysis. In total, seven zymodemes were identified: MON-1, MON-11, MON-24, MON-29, MON-33, MON-34, and MON-108. The Pyrénées-Orientales focus is characterized by a predominance of human cutaneous leishmaniasis and a high enzymatic polymorphism (five zymodemes). In the other foci, where human visceral leishmaniasis is predominant, only two zymodemes are present. L. infantum MON-1 is the parasite most frequently found, in patients both with and without concomitant human immunodeficiency virus infection. MON-1 is the only zymodeme present in dogs, which act as the reservoir host in all of the foci. In Cévennes, where the complete life cycle of zymodeme MON-1 has been identified, Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus ariasi are vectors. The enzymatic polymorphism is compared to that of neighboring countries (Spain and Italy). In Pyrénées-Orientales, small variant zymodemes with electromorphs of heterozygote-like and homozygotic patterns can be explained by different genetic hypotheses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Parasitologie, 163, rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France. Phone: 334 67 63 27 51. Fax: 334 67 63 00 49. E-mail: parasito{at}univ-montp1.fr.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2004, p. 4077-4082, Vol. 42, No. 9
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4077-4082.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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