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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2005, p. 348-355, Vol. 43, No. 1
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.1.348-355.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Phylogenies of Blastocystis Isolates from Different Hosts: Implications for Genetic Diversity, Identification of Species, and Zoonosis

Christophe Noël ,1,{dagger},{ddagger} Fabienne Dufernez,1,{dagger} Delphine Gerbod,1,§ Virginia P. Edgcomb,2 Pilar Delgado-Viscogliosi,3 Lip-Chuen Ho,4 Mulkit Singh,4 René Wintjens,5 Mitchell L. Sogin,6 Monique Capron,1 Raymond Pierce,1 Lionel Zenner,7 and Eric Viscogliosi1*

Unité Inserm U547,1 Département Eaux et Environnement, Laboratoire de Recherches Appliquées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille,3 Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, UMR DGER-INRA 958, Marcy l'Etoile, France,7 Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,2 Josephine Bay Paul Center for Molecular Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts,6 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,4 Institut de Pharmacie, Chimie Générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium5

Received 23 April 2004/ Returned for modification 16 June 2004/ Accepted 29 August 2004

Small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences were obtained by PCR from 12 Blastocystis isolates from humans, rats, and reptiles for which elongation factor 1{alpha} (EF-1{alpha}) gene sequences are already available. These new sequences were analyzed by the Bayesian method in a broad phylogeny including, for the first time, all Blastocystis sequences available in the databases. Phylogenetic trees identified seven well-resolved groups plus several discrete lineages that could represent newly defined clades. Comparative analysis of SSU rRNA- and EF-1{alpha}-based trees obtained by maximum-likelihood methods from a restricted sampling (13 isolates) revealed overall agreement between the two phylogenies. In spite of their morphological similarity, sequence divergence among Blastocystis isolates reflected considerable genetic diversity that could be correlated with the existence of potentially ≥12 different species within the genus. Based on this analysis and previous PCR-based genotype classification data, six of these major groups might consist of Blastocystis isolates from both humans and other animal hosts, confirming the low host specificity of Blastocystis. Our results also strongly suggest the existence of numerous zoonotic isolates with frequent animal-to-human and human-to-animal transmissions and of a large potential reservoir in animals for infections in humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité Inserm U547, Institut Pasteur, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France. Phone: 33-3-20-87-79-61. Fax: 33-3-20-87-78-88. E-mail: eric.viscogliosi{at}pasteur-lille.fr.

{dagger} C. Noël and F. Dufernez contributed equally to this work.

{ddagger} Present address: Molecular Biology Unit, Microbiology Group, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.

§ Present address: Department of Biology, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1 Canada.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2005, p. 348-355, Vol. 43, No. 1
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.1.348-355.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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