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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2006, p. 1229-1235, Vol. 44, No. 4
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.44.4.1229-1235.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Sequence Variation in the T-Cell Epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein among Field Isolates Is Temporally Stable: a 5-Year Longitudinal Study in Southern Vietnam

Amadu Jalloh,1* Huynh van Thien,2 Marcelo U. Ferreira,3 Jun Ohashi,4 Hiroyuki Matsuoka,5 Toshio Kanbe,1 Akihiko Kikuchi,1 and Fumihiko Kawamoto6

Division of Molecular Mycology and Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan,1 Bao Loc General Hospital, Lam Dong Province, Bao Loc, Vietnam,2 Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, Cidade Universitaria, 05508-900 Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil,3 Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,4 Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Minami-kawachi Tochigi-ken, 329-0498, Japan,5 Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Scientific Research, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan6

Received 2 September 2005/ Returned for modification 28 October 2005/ Accepted 11 January 2006

In an effort to decipher the nature and extent of antigen polymorphisms of malaria parasites in a setting where malaria is hypomesoendemic, we conducted a 5-year longitudinal study (1998 to 2003) by sequencing the Th2R and Th3R epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of 142 Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Bao Loc, Vietnam. Samples were collected during the high-transmission season, September through December 1998 (n = 43), as well as from July 2000 to August 2001 (n = 34), September 2001 to July 2002 (n = 33), and August 2002 to July 2003 (n = 32). Marked sequence diversity was noted during the high-transmission season in 1998, but no significant variation in allele frequencies was observed over the years ({chi}2 = 70.003, degrees of freedom = 57, P = 0.116). The apparent temporal stability in allele frequency observed in this Bao Loc malaria setting may suggest that polymorphism in the Th2R and Th3R epitopes is not maintained by frequency-dependent immune selection. By including 36 isolates from Flores Island, Indonesia, and 19 isolates from Thaton, Myanmar, we investigated geographical patterns of sequence polymorphism for these epitopes in Southeast Asia; among the characterized isolates, a globally distributed variant appears to be predominant in Vietnam (75 of 142 isolates, or 52.8%) as well as in Myanmar (15 of 19 isolates, or 78.9%) and Indonesia (31 of 36 isolates, or 86.1%). Further analyses involving worldwide CSP sequences revealed distinct regional patterns, a finding which, together with the unique mutations observed here, may suggest a possible role for host or local factors in the generation of sequence diversity in the T-cell epitopes of CSP.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Molecular Mycology and Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan. Phone: (81) 52-744-2460. Fax: (81) 52-744-2459. E-mail: alphmadu{at}yahoo.com.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2006, p. 1229-1235, Vol. 44, No. 4
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.44.4.1229-1235.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • ZAKERI, S., AVAZALIPOOR, M., MEHRIZI, A. A., DJADID, N. D., SNOUNOU, G. (2007). RESTRICTED T-CELL EPITOPE DIVERSITY IN THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN FROM PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM POPULATIONS PREVALENT IN IRAN. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 1046-1051 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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