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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2008, p. 863-868, Vol. 46, No. 3
0095-1137/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01438-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Determination of Accessory Gene Patterns Predicts the Same Relatedness among Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae as Sequencing of Housekeeping Genes Does and Represents a Novel Approach in Molecular Epidemiology{triangledown}

Jessica Dagerhamn,1,2 Christel Blomberg,1,2 Sarah Browall,1 Karin Sjöström,1 Eva Morfeldt,1 and Birgitta Henriques-Normark1,2*

Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden,1 Department of Microbiology, Tumor Biology and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden2

Received 18 July 2007/ Returned for modification 19 November 2007/ Accepted 13 December 2007

Relatedness between isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae can be determined from sequences of multiple genes belonging to the core genome (multilocus sequence typing [MLST]), but these do not provide information on gene content that may affect the potential of isolates to cause invasive pneumococcal disease. Gene content data, obtained using microarrays, were gathered for 40 clinical isolates of 12 serotypes belonging to 30 multilocus sequence types. We found that sequence variations in housekeeping genes assessed by MLST correlated well with whole-genome microarray analyses identifying the presence/absence of accessory genes/regions. However, isolates belonging to the same clonal complex, as determined by MLST, may not have identical gene contents, potentially affecting virulence. We found fewer intraclonal (same MLST sequence type) differences associated with pneumococcal serotypes of high invasive disease potential, i.e., serotypes rarely found among carriers compared to serotypes frequently found in carriage. Molecular typing of pneumococci based on the presence/absence of 25 genes localized to accessory regions shows the same relatedness among pneumococcal strains as MLST does. We conclude that molecular typing of pneumococci based on variation in the nucleotide sequences of parts of housekeeping genes (MLST) correlates with the presence/absence of genes in the accessory part of the genome. This covariation is likely due to the fact that both sequence variations and gene content variations are created primarily by recombination events in pneumococci.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control/MTC, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden. Phone: 46 8 457 24 13. Fax: 46 8 30 25 66. E-mail: Birgitta.Henriques{at}smi.ki.se

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 26 December 2007.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2008, p. 863-868, Vol. 46, No. 3
0095-1137/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01438-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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