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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2008, p. 2160-2166, Vol. 46, No. 7
0095-1137/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01681-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Novel Subgenotypes of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes C and D in Papua, Indonesia{triangledown}

Maria Inge Lusida,1,4,{dagger} Victor Eka Nugrahaputra,2,{dagger} Soetjipto,3,4 Retno Handajani,3,4 Motoko Nagano-Fujii,5 Mikiko Sasayama,6 Takako Utsumi,6 and Hak Hotta5,6*

Departments of Microbiology,1 Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine,3 Tropical Disease Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia,4 Department of Microbiology, Cenderawasih University School of Medicine, Jayapura, Indonesia,2 Division of Microbiology,5 International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan6

Received 23 August 2007/ Returned for modification 12 December 2007/ Accepted 25 April 2008

Eight genotypes (A to H) and nine subtypes (adw2, adw4, ayw1, ayw2, ayw3, ayw4, adrq+, adrq–, and ayr) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been identified worldwide. They appear to be associated with geographical distribution, virological characteristics, and possibly clinical outcomes. We performed sequence analysis of part of the S gene and the entire precore/core gene of HBV isolates obtained from HBsAg-positive blood donors in Papua Province, Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis of the S gene sequences revealed that 23 (85.2%) of the 27 HBV isolates tested belonged to genotype C (HBV/C) and 2 (7.4%) each to HBV/B and HBV/D. Interestingly, 19 (82.6%) of the 23 isolates of HBV/C clustered in a branch that was distinct from the previously reported subgenotypes C1 to C5 (HBV/C1 to HBV/C5). Similarly, two isolates of HBV/D clustered in a branch distinct from the reported subgenotypes HBV/D1 to HBV/D5. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire precore/core gene confirmed the consistent presence of the distinct branches in HBV/C and HBV/D. We therefore propose novel subgenotypes designated HBV/C6 and HBV/D6. The majority of HBV/C6 isolates in Papua had alanine at positions 159 and 177 (A159/A177) in the HBsAg. A159/A177 is different from the determinants for adrq+ (A159/V177), found throughout Asia, and adrq– (V159/A177), found in New Caledonia and Polynesia, possibly representing a unique antigenic group (provisionally referred to as adrq indeterminate). In conclusion, we have identified two novel HBV subgenotypes, HBV/C6 and HBV/D6, the first of which is the most prevalent subgenotype of HBV in Papua, Indonesia.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan. Phone: 81-78-382-5500. Fax: 81-78-382-5519. E-mail: hotta{at}kobe-u.ac.jp

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 7 May 2008.

{dagger} These authors contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2008, p. 2160-2166, Vol. 46, No. 7
0095-1137/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01681-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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