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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2009, p. 158-163, Vol. 47, No. 1
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00469-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Rubella Virus Strains from an Outbreak in Madrid, Spain, from 2004 to 2005 {triangledown} ,{dagger}

A. O. Martínez-Torres,1,3* M. M. Mosquera,1,4 J. C. Sanz,2 B. Ramos,2 and J. E. Echevarría1,4

Laboratorio de Aislamiento y Detección de Virus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain,1 Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,2 Laboratorio de Microbiología Experimental y Aplicada, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Post-Grado, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama,3 CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain4

Received 10 March 2008/ Returned for modification 21 May 2008/ Accepted 26 October 2008

An outbreak of rubella affected 460 individuals in 2004 and 2005 in the community of Madrid, Spain. Most of the patients were nonvaccinated Latin American immigrants or Spanish males. This study presents the first data on rubella virus genotypes in Spain. Forty selected clinical samples (2 urine, 5 serum, 3 blood, 2 saliva, and 28 pharyngeal exudate samples) from 40 cases were collected. The 739-nucleotide sequence recommended by the World Health Organization obtained from viral RNA in these samples was analyzed by using the MEGA v4.0 software. Seventeen isolates were obtained from 40 clinical samples from the outbreak, including two isolated from congenital rubella syndrome cases. Only viral RNA of genotype 1j was detected in both isolates and clinical specimens. Two variations in amino acids, G253C and T394S, which are involved in neutralization epitopes arose during the outbreak, but apparently there was no positive selection of either of them. The origin of the outbreak remains unknown because of poor virologic surveillance in Latin America and the African countries neighboring Spain. On the other hand, this is the first report of this genotype in Europe. The few published sequences of genotype 1j indicate that it comes from Japan and the Philippines, but there are no epidemiological data supporting this as the origin of the Madrid outbreak.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratorio de Aislamiento y Detección de Virus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, Majadahonda (28220), Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34 918223682. Fax: 34 915097919. E-mail: amartinet13{at}hotmail.com

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 19 November 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jcm.asm.org/.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2009, p. 158-163, Vol. 47, No. 1
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00469-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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