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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2009, p. 79-85, Vol. 47, No. 1
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00894-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Results of Use of WHO Global Salm-Surv External Quality Assurance System for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Salmonella Isolates from 2000 to 2007 {triangledown}

Rene S. Hendriksen,1* Anne Mette Seyfarth,1 Arne B. Jensen,1 Jean Whichard,2 Susanne Karlsmose,1 Kevin Joyce,2 Matthew Mikoleit,2 Stephanie M. Delong,2 François-Xavier Weill,3 Awa Aidara-Kane,4 Danilo M. A. Lo Fo Wong,4 Frederick J. Angulo,2 Henrik C. Wegener,1 and Frank M. Aarestrup1

WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Community Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Food Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark,1 WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and other Foodborne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Enteric Disease Epidemiology Branch, Atlanta, Georgia,2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Salmonella, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France,3 World Health Organization, Department of Food Safety, Zoonoses and Foodborne Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland4

Received 9 May 2008/ Returned for modification 13 October 2008/ Accepted 10 November 2008

An international External Quality Assurance System (EQAS) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella was initiated in 2000 by the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Salm-Surv in order to enhance the capacities of national reference laboratories to obtain reliable data for surveillance purposes worldwide. Seven EQAS iterations have been conducted from 2000 to 2007. In each iteration, participating laboratories submitted susceptibility results from 10 to 15 antimicrobial agents for eight Salmonella isolates and an Escherichia coli reference strain (ATCC 25922). A total of 287 laboratories in 102 countries participated in at least one EQAS iteration. A large number of laboratories reported results for the E. coli ATCC 25922 reference strain which were outside the quality control ranges. Critical deviations for susceptibility testing of the Salmonella isolates varied from 4% in 2000 to 3% in 2007. Consistent difficulties were observed in susceptibility testing of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. Regional variations in performance were observed, with laboratories in central Asia, Africa, and the Middle East not performing as well as those in other regions. Results from the WHO Global Salm-Surv EQAS show that most laboratories worldwide are capable of correctly performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella isolates, but they also indicate that further improvement for some laboratories is needed. In particular, further training and dissemination of information on quality control, appropriate interpretive criteria (breakpoints), and harmonization of the methodology worldwide through WHO Global Salm-Surv and other programs will contribute to the generation of comparable and reliable antimicrobial susceptibility data (D. M. A. Lo Fo Wong, R. S. Hendriksen, D. J. Mevius, K. T. Veldman, and F. M. Aarestrup, Vet. Microbiol. 115:128-139, 2006).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: National Food Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark. Phone: 45 72 34 60 00. Fax: 45 72 34 60 01. E-mail: rshe{at}food.dtu.dk

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 19 November 2008.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2009, p. 79-85, Vol. 47, No. 1
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00894-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Hendriksen, R. S., Mikoleit, M., Carlson, V. P., Karlsmose, S., Vieira, A. R., Jensen, A. B., Seyfarth, A. M., DeLong, S. M., Weill, F.-X., Lo Fo Wong, D. M. A., Angulo, F. J., Wegener, H. C., Aarestrup, F. M. (2009). WHO Global Salm-Surv External Quality Assurance System for Serotyping of Salmonella Isolates from 2000 to 2007. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 2729-2736 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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