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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May 2009, p. 1358-1363, Vol. 47, No. 5
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01873-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Multiplex PCR Testing Detection of Higher-than-Expected Rates of Cervical Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and Trichomonas and Viral Agent Infections in Sexually Active Australian Women{triangledown}

Christopher J. McIver,1,2,3 Nikolas Rismanto,1 Catherine Smith,1 Zin Wai Naing,1 Ben Rayner,1 M. Josephine Lusk,4 Pamela Konecny,2,4 Peter A. White,3 and William D. Rawlinson1,2,3*

Virology Division, Microbiology Department (SEALS), Prince of Wales Hospital,1 School of Medical Sciences,2 School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales,3 Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia4

Received 28 September 2008/ Returned for modification 12 November 2008/ Accepted 13 February 2009

Knowing the prevalence of potential etiologic agents of nongonococcal and nonchlamydial cervicitis is important for improving the efficacy of empirical treatments for this commonly encountered condition. We describe four multiplex PCRs (mPCRs), designated VDL05, VDL06, VDL07, and VDL09, which facilitate the detection of a wide range of agents either known to be or putatively associated with cervicitis, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus (EV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (VDL05); Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Mycoplasma hominis (VDL06); Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, and group B streptococci (VDL07); and adenovirus species A to E (VDL09). The mPCRs were used to test 233 cervical swabs from 175 women attending a sexual-health clinic in Sydney, Australia, during 2006 and 2007. The agents detected alone or in combination in all cervical swabs (percentage of total swabs) included CMV (6.0), EV (2.1), EBV (2.6), VZV (4.7), HSV-1 (2.6), HSV-2 (0.8), HSV-2 and VZV (0.4), U. parvum (57.0), U. urealyticum (6.1), M. genitalium (1.3), M. hominis (13.7), C. trachomatis (0.4), T. vaginalis (3.4), and group B streptococci (0.4). Adenovirus species A to E and T. pallidum were not detected. These assays are adaptable for routine diagnostic laboratories and provide an opportunity to measure the true prevalence of microorganisms potentially associated with cervicitis and other genital infections.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Virology Division, Microbiology Department (SEALS), Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. Phone: 61-2-93829113. Fax: 61-2-93984275. E-mail: w.rawlinson{at}unsw.edu.au

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 4 March 2009.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May 2009, p. 1358-1363, Vol. 47, No. 5
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.01873-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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