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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May 2009, p. 1575-1577, Vol. 47, No. 5
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00925-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Distribution of Phage-Associated Virulence Genes in Pharyngeal Group A Streptococcal Strains Isolated in Italy{triangledown}

Luca Agostino Vitali,{dagger}* Stefania D'Ercole,{dagger} Dezemona Petrelli, Maria Chiara Di Luca, Silvia Rombini, Manuela Prenna, and Sandro Ripa

Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

Received 14 May 2008/ Returned for modification 19 September 2008/ Accepted 5 March 2009

The presence and assortment of 16 known virulence/resistance genetic determinants carried by prophages or prophage-like elements were tested in 212 clinical group A Streptococcus (GAS) strains and related to available data from SmaI macrorestriction/pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and emm typing. A strong correlation existed among the three analyses. This finding supports the substantial contribution to the evolution and diversification of the GAS genome attributed to phages.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy. Phone: 39-0737-403242. Fax: 39-0737-403281. E-mail: luca.vitali{at}unicam.it

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 March 2009.

{dagger} L. A. Vitali and S. D'Ercole contributed equally to this work.


Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May 2009, p. 1575-1577, Vol. 47, No. 5
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.00925-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.