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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2009, p. 1842-1847, Vol. 47, No. 6
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.02328-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Complete Genome Sequence and Phylogenetic Relatedness of Hepatitis B Virus Isolates in Papua, Indonesia{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Takako Utsumi,1,6 Maria Inge Lusida,1,2 Yoshihiko Yano,6 Victor Eka Nugrahaputra,4 Mochamad Amin,1 Juniastuti,2 Soetjipto,1,3 Yoshitake Hayashi,5,6 and Hak Hotta5,6*

Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia,1 Departments of Microbiology,2 Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia,3 Department of Microbiology, Cenderawasih University School of Medicine, Jayapura, Indonesia,4 Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,5 Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan6

Received 3 December 2008/ Returned for modification 3 February 2009/ Accepted 9 April 2009

Each hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and subgenotype is associated with a particular geographic distribution, ethnicity, and anthropological history. Our previous study showed the novel HBV subgenotypes C6 (HBV/C6) and D6 (HBV/D6), based on the S gene sequences of isolates in Papua, Indonesia. The present study investigated the complete genome sequence of 22 strains from Papua and subjected them to molecular evolutionary analysis. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that 9 out of 22 strains were classified as HBV/C6, 3 strains as HBV/D6, and 9 strains as HBV/B3. A particular strain positioned between HBV/B3 and HBV/B5 remained unclassifiable into any known subgenotypes. This strain showed high homology with HBV/C5 from the Philippines in the core region and was thought to have undergone genetic recombination with HBV/C5. Further studies are needed to determine whether this strain belongs to a new subgenotype of HBV/B. Based on the amino acid alignment, HBV/C6 has subgenotype specific variations (G18V and V47M) in the S region. HBV/C6 strains were more closely related in terms of evolutionary distance to strains from the east Asia and Pacific regions than those found in southeast Asia. HBV/D6 strains were most closely related to strains from the Western countries (HBV/D3) rather than those from Asia and Papua New Guinea. In conclusion, we have confirmed by complete sequence analysis that two novel HBV subgenotypes, HBV/C6 and HBV/D6, are prevalent in Papua, Indonesia.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan. Phone: 81-78-382-5500. Fax: 81-78-382-5519. E-mail: hotta{at}kobe-u.ac.jp

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 22 April 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jcm.asm.org/.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2009, p. 1842-1847, Vol. 47, No. 6
0095-1137/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.02328-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Cavinta, L., Cao, G., Schaefer, S. (2009). Description of a New Hepatitis B Virus C6 Subgenotype Found in the Papua Province of Indonesia and Suggested Renaming of a Tentative C6 Subgenotype Found in the Philippines as Subgenotype C7. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 3068-3069 [Full Text]  


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