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Virology

Molecular Epidemiology of Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Associated with Small Round-Structured Viruses in East Anglia, United Kingdom, During the 1996–1997 Season

Alison J. Maguire, Jon Green, David W. G. Brown, Ulrich Desselberger, James J. Gray
Alison J. Maguire
Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QW, and
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Jon Green
Enteric and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Virus Reference Division, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, London NW9 5HT, United Kingdom
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David W. G. Brown
Enteric and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Virus Reference Division, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, London NW9 5HT, United Kingdom
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Ulrich Desselberger
Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QW, and
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James J. Gray
Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QW, and
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DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.1.81-89.1999
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    Fig. 1.

    Map of the United Kingdom with an inset showing East Anglia. The locations of outbreaks of gastroenteritis included in this study are indicated: 1, Addenbrooke’s; 2, Basildon; 3, Chelmsford; 4, Dulwich; 5, Herts and Essex; 6, Ipswich; 7, Lowestoft; 8, Romford; 9, Southend; 10, West Suffolk; and 11, Whipps Cross.

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    Fig. 2.

    (A) Representative gel of Ni-E3 PCR products (113 bp). Lanes 4 and 5, positive and negative controls, respectively; Lane M, a 1-kb molecular size marker. (B) Representative gel of GI-GII-E3-PCR products. Lanes 7 and 8, GI and GII positive controls, respectively. The GI-E3 PCR product is 190 bp, and the GII-E3 product is 270 bp. Lane 6, negative control; lane M, 1-kb molecular size marker.

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    Fig. 3.

    Phylogenetic alignment of all sequence data obtained from outbreak specimens from this study and data available from the GenBank database for typical members of genogroup I (Norwalk, Southampton, and Desert Shield), genogroup II (Grimsby, Pilgrim, Lordsdale, Hawaii, Snow Mountain agent, Mexico, and Melksham), and genogroup III (Manchester, a classical calicivirus). These strains are indicated in boldface type. Outbreak strains are identified by the location and date of onset of the outbreak. Specimens in italic type are those for which GII-E3 sequence data were available and whose data were therefore used in the phylogenetic analysis whose results are presented in Fig. 4.

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    Fig. 4.

    Alignment of all sequence data from GII-E3 products. The sequence data for the outbreak strains were compared with the sequence data for two typical genogroup II SRSVs, Grimsby and Lordsdale, from the GenBank database. The numbers in boldface type represent bootstraps for the alignment, and outbreak specimens are identified by date and location of outbreak. The calibration bar denotes divergence of 1%.

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    Fig. 5.

    Alignment of sequences obtained for genogroup II (positive GII-E3 PCR products) specimens isolated from outbreaks occurring at all locations studied in this work during the 1996–1997 season compared with the sequence available for Grimsby virus (G-V) and Lordsdale virus (L-V). The sequence of the Grimsby virus is shown along the top, and consensus with this sequence in the other strains is indicated by a period. Single point mutations are identified by the replacement base. Numbering refers to the base position in the sequence. Specimens are identified by the date and location of outbreaks. Locations of outbreaks are abbreviated as follows: Bas, Basildon; S/end, Southend; Chel, Chelmsford; H&E, Herts and Essex; Add, Addenbrooke’s; W X, Whipps Cross; and W/Suf, West Suffolk.

Tables

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  • Table 1.

    Specimens obtained from SRSV-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks occurring in Southend, United Kingdom

    Date of onset of outbreak (day/mo/yr)aCommunity location of outbreakNo. of specimens in outbreakNo. (%) of specimens EM positiveNo. (%) of specimens Ni-E3 RT-PCR positive/total no. of specimens tested (%)No. of specimens in study
    26/11/1996Hospital101 (10)3/10 (30)4
    2/12/1996(a)Hospital231 (4)2/16 (13)1
    2/12/1996(b)Hospital151 (7)5/15 (33)2
    3/12/1996(a)Hospital101 (10)5/9 (56)3
    3/12/1996(b)Hospital1706/16 (38)2
    10/12/1996Hospital81 (13)1/8 (13)1
    12/12/1996Hospital51 (20)2/4 (50)1
    20/1/1997Hospital703/7 (43)1
    5/2/1997Hospital705/7 (71)2
    20/2/1997Hospital81 (13)4/8 (50)4
    21/3/1997Hospital604/6 (67)1
    19/4/1997Residential home10NT7/10 (70)1
    14/5/1997Hospital2NT2/2 (100)1
    Total12874924
    • ↵a When more than one outbreak occurred on the same date but at different locations within the same institution, outbreaks are identified as (a) and (b).

    • b NT, specimens were not tested.

  • Table 2.

    Specimens obtained from SRSV-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks occurring in East Anglia, United Kingdom, at locations other than Southend

    Location of outbreakDate of onset of outbreak (day/mo/yr)aCommunity location of outbreakNo. of specimens in outbreakNo. (%) of specimens EM positiveNo. (%) of specimens Ni-E3 RT-PCR positiveNo. of specimens in study
    Ipswich24/11/1996Hospital21 (50)1 (50)1
    Basildon24/11/1996Hospital31 (33)3 (100)3
    Chelmsford27/11/1996Hospital504 (80)1
    Lowestoft12/12/1996Residential home41 (25)1 (25)1
    Ipswich12/12/1996Hospital404 (100)1
    Chelmsford13/12/1996Hospital201 (50)1
    Herts & Essex18/1/1997Hospital42 (50)4 (100)3
    Basildon18/1/1997Hospital202 (100)1
    Chelmsford19/1/1997Hospital302 (67)1
    Addenbrooke’s20/1/1997Hospital1025 (56)b2
    Chelmsford22/1/1997Hospital303 (100)2
    Dulwich14/2/1997Hotel2206 (27)2
    West Suffolk14/2/1997(a)Hospital81 (13)2 (25)2
    West Suffolk14/2/1997(b)Hospital605 (83)2
    Whipps Cross15/2/1997Residential home303 (100)1
    Romford15/2/1997Hospital705 (71)1
    West Suffolk17/2/1997Hospital302 (67)2
    Total9185327
    • ↵a When more than one outbreak occurred on the same date but at different locations within the same institution, the outbreaks are identified as (a) and (b).

    • ↵b Only nine specimens in total were tested.

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Molecular Epidemiology of Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Associated with Small Round-Structured Viruses in East Anglia, United Kingdom, During the 1996–1997 Season
Alison J. Maguire, Jon Green, David W. G. Brown, Ulrich Desselberger, James J. Gray
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 1999, 37 (1) 81-89; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.1.81-89.1999

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Molecular Epidemiology of Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Associated with Small Round-Structured Viruses in East Anglia, United Kingdom, During the 1996–1997 Season
Alison J. Maguire, Jon Green, David W. G. Brown, Ulrich Desselberger, James J. Gray
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 1999, 37 (1) 81-89; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.1.81-89.1999
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KEYWORDS

Caliciviridae Infections
Disease Outbreaks
gastroenteritis
Norwalk virus

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