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Bacteriology

Molecular Characterization of Gentamicin-Resistant Enterococci in the United States: Evidence of Spread from Animals to Humans through Food

S. M. Donabedian, L. A. Thal, E. Hershberger, M. B. Perri, J. W. Chow, P. Bartlett, R. Jones, K. Joyce, S. Rossiter, K. Gay, J. Johnson, C. Mackinson, E. Debess, J. Madden, F. Angulo, M. J. Zervos
S. M. Donabedian
1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine
2Research Institute, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak
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L. A. Thal
1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine
2Research Institute, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak
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E. Hershberger
1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine
2Research Institute, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak
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M. B. Perri
1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine
2Research Institute, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak
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J. W. Chow
1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine
3John D. Dingell VA Medical Center
4Wayne State University, Detroit
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P. Bartlett
5Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
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R. Jones
6Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville
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K. Joyce
7Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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S. Rossiter
7Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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K. Gay
7Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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J. Johnson
8University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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C. Mackinson
8University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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E. Debess
9Oregon Health Division
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J. Madden
10Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oregon
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F. Angulo
7Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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M. J. Zervos
1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine
2Research Institute, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak
4Wayne State University, Detroit
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  • For correspondence: MZervos@Beaumont.edu
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1109-1113.2003
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    FIG. 1.

    PFGE of SmaI-digested genomic DNA from gentamicin-resistant E. faecalis from grocery store chicken isolates and one human isolate. Lanes 1, 4, and 10, Lambda ladder DNA standard; lanes 2 and 3, human and grocery store chicken isolates, respectively, from Oregon with indistinguishable PFGE patterns; lanes 5 through 7, grocery store chicken isolate from Georgia with indistinguishable PFGE patterns; lanes 8 and 9, grocery store chicken isolates from Maryland and Oregon with indistinguishable PFGE patterns.

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    FIG. 2.

    PFGE of SmaI-digested genomic DNA from gentamicin-resistant E. faecalis isolated from human and ground pork samples in Michigan. Lanes 1 and 9, Lambda ladder DNA standard; lane 2, human isolate; lanes 3 through 8, ground pork isolates with related PFGE patterns.

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  • TABLE 1.

    Gentamicin resistance gene content of gentamicin-resistant enterococci from humans, food, and food-producing animals

    Gentamicin resistance gene and speciesTotalSources/No. positive
    HumanFoodFood-producing animal
    ChickenPorkChickenTurkeySwineDairy
    aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2")-Ia
        E. faecalis18928 24 56 615 36 24
        E. faecium6511 2 0 47 3 38
        E. casseliflavus30 0 0 03 0 0
        E. gallinarum20 1 0 01 0 0
        Total (%)259 (72)39 (95)27 (69)56 (85)10 (71)26 (62)39 (78)62 (58)
    aph(2")-Ic
        E. faecalis600 0 9 00 10 41
        E. faecium61 0 0 00 1 4
        Total (%)66 (18)1 (2.5)0 (0)9 (14)0 (0)0 (0)11 (22)45 (42)
    aph(2")-Id
        E. faecalis00 0 0 00 0 0
        E. faecium331 12 0 416 0 0
        Total (%)33 (9)1 (2.5)12 (31)0 (0)4 (27)16 (38)0 (0)0 (0)
    Total (%)360a41 39 66a15a42 50 107
    • ↵ a Two E. faecalis isolates (gentamicin MICs > 1,024 μg/ml) from pork and a chicken farm failed to generate a PCR product for any of the genes tested.

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Molecular Characterization of Gentamicin-Resistant Enterococci in the United States: Evidence of Spread from Animals to Humans through Food
S. M. Donabedian, L. A. Thal, E. Hershberger, M. B. Perri, J. W. Chow, P. Bartlett, R. Jones, K. Joyce, S. Rossiter, K. Gay, J. Johnson, C. Mackinson, E. Debess, J. Madden, F. Angulo, M. J. Zervos
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2003, 41 (3) 1109-1113; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1109-1113.2003

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Molecular Characterization of Gentamicin-Resistant Enterococci in the United States: Evidence of Spread from Animals to Humans through Food
S. M. Donabedian, L. A. Thal, E. Hershberger, M. B. Perri, J. W. Chow, P. Bartlett, R. Jones, K. Joyce, S. Rossiter, K. Gay, J. Johnson, C. Mackinson, E. Debess, J. Madden, F. Angulo, M. J. Zervos
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2003, 41 (3) 1109-1113; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1109-1113.2003
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KEYWORDS

Animal Diseases
Enterococcus
Food Microbiology
Gentamicins
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

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