Skip to main content
  • ASM
    • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
    • EcoSal Plus
    • Eukaryotic Cell
    • Infection and Immunity
    • Journal of Bacteriology
    • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
    • Journal of Virology
    • mBio
    • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
    • Microbiology Resource Announcements
    • Microbiology Spectrum
    • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    • mSphere
    • mSystems
  • Log in
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • COVID-19 Special Collection
    • Archive
    • Minireviews
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Scope
    • Editorial Policy
    • Submission, Review, & Publication Processes
    • Organization and Format
    • Errata, Author Corrections, Retractions
    • Illustrations and Tables
    • Nomenclature
    • Abbreviations and Conventions
    • Publication Fees
    • Ethics Resources and Policies
  • About the Journal
    • About JCM
    • Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Board
    • For Reviewers
    • For the Media
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Alerts
    • RSS
    • FAQ
  • Subscribe
    • Members
    • Institutions
  • ASM
    • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
    • EcoSal Plus
    • Eukaryotic Cell
    • Infection and Immunity
    • Journal of Bacteriology
    • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
    • Journal of Virology
    • mBio
    • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
    • Microbiology Resource Announcements
    • Microbiology Spectrum
    • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    • mSphere
    • mSystems

User menu

  • Log in
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
publisher-logosite-logo

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • COVID-19 Special Collection
    • Archive
    • Minireviews
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Scope
    • Editorial Policy
    • Submission, Review, & Publication Processes
    • Organization and Format
    • Errata, Author Corrections, Retractions
    • Illustrations and Tables
    • Nomenclature
    • Abbreviations and Conventions
    • Publication Fees
    • Ethics Resources and Policies
  • About the Journal
    • About JCM
    • Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Board
    • For Reviewers
    • For the Media
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Alerts
    • RSS
    • FAQ
  • Subscribe
    • Members
    • Institutions
Bacteriology

Genetic Diversity among Community Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Causing Outpatient Infections in Australia

Geoffrey W. Coombs, Graeme R. Nimmo, Jan M. Bell, Flavia Huygens, Frances G. O'Brien, Mary J. Malkowski, Julie C. Pearson, Alex J. Stephens, Philip M. Giffard, ; the Australian Group for Antimicrobial Resistance
Geoffrey W. Coombs
1Gram-Positive Bacteria Typing and Research Unit, Royal Perth Hospital
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Graeme R. Nimmo
2Microbiology Division, Queensland Health Pathology Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: Graeme_Nimmo@health.qld.gov.au
Jan M. Bell
3Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Flavia Huygens
4Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Frances G. O'Brien
1Gram-Positive Bacteria Typing and Research Unit, Royal Perth Hospital
5School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mary J. Malkowski
1Gram-Positive Bacteria Typing and Research Unit, Royal Perth Hospital
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Julie C. Pearson
1Gram-Positive Bacteria Typing and Research Unit, Royal Perth Hospital
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Alex J. Stephens
4Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Philip M. Giffard
4Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4735-4743.2004
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Tables

  • TABLE 1.

    Distribution of MRSA and proportion of nmMRSA isolates in Australian cities

    CityNo. (%) of isolates
    2000 survey2002 survey
    TotalMRSAnmMRSATotalMRSAnmMRSA
    Brisbane30023 (7.7)17 (73.9)30037 (12.3)25 (67.6)
    Sydney700139 (19.9)64 (46.0)689175 (25.4)76 (43.4)
    Canberra1005 (5.0)5 (100)1008 (8.0)3 (37.5)
    Melbourne40042 (10.5)4 (9.5)39946 (11.5)6 (13.0)
    Hobart1002 (2.0)2 (100)1006 (6.1)5 (83.3)
    Adelaide39929 (7.3)17 (58.6)40036 (9.0)29 (80.6)
    Perth40046 (11.5)43 (93.5)39855 (13.8)51 (92.7)
    Darwin997 (7.1)6 (85.7)10021 (21.0)10 (47.6)
        National2,498293 (11.7)158 (53.9)2,486384 (15.4)205 (53.4)
  • TABLE 2.

    Summary of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of mMRSA and nmMRSA strains in Australia

    PFGE patternTypical resistance patternaUrease test resultTypical phage susceptibilityCoagulase gene PCR-RFLP pattern
    Multiresistant
        22 (AUS-2)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP+85, 88, 90; 47T, 87M; MR8, MR12, M324
        24 (AUS-3)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+87M//M324
        Irish-2ERY, TMP, CIP−85, 90; 90A, 87M18
        Irish-1ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP+Non typeable18
        SporadicVariable+variableVariable
    Nonmultiresistant
        EMRSA-15ERY, CIP−Nontypeable22
        EMRSA-16ERY, CIP+29; MR1218
        SWPNil+WSPP1 (29, 52, 52A, 80, 3A, 54, 77, 81), WSPP2 (6, 42E, 47, 54, 77, 81; 67R)24
        WA-MRSA-1ERY, FUS+1A (nontypeable), 1B, 52A, 55, 6, 42E, 47, 53, 54, 77, 83A, 85, 88, 9020
        nmMRSA ANil+Nontypeable32
        nm MRSA BERY+Nontypeable258
        nmMRSA CERY+VariableVariable
        nmMRSA DTET+Variable18
        nmMRSA ENil+VariableDid not cut
        nmMRSA FNil+VariableNo product
        SporadicVariable+VariableVariable
    • ↵ a TET, tetracycline; ERY, erythromycin; TMP, trimethoprim; GEN, gentamicin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; FUS, fusidic acid.

  • TABLE 3.

    Distribution of MRSA isolates typed by PFGE in Australian cities in 2000 and 2002

    StrainNo. (%) of isolates
    National totalsBrisbaneSydneyCanberra
    2000 (n = 280)2002 (n = 367)2000 (n = 23)2002 (n = 33)2000 (n = 129)2002 (n = 169)2000 (n = 5)2002 (n = 8)
    Nonmultiresistant
        EMRSA-1530 (10.7)42 (11.4)1 (4.3)1 (3.0)23 (17.8)28 (16.6)
        SWP33 (11.8)26 (7.1)9 (39.1)9 (27.3)20 (15.5)6 (3.6)2 (40.0)2 (25.0)
        WA-MRSA-145 (16.1)59 (16.1)3 (13.0)6 (18.2)4 (3.1)10 (5.9)
        nmMRSA A13 (4.6)36 (9.8)1 (4.3)3 (9.1)9 (7.0)26 (15.4)1 (20.0)1 (12.5)
        nmMRSA B14 (4.9)18 (4.9)1 (4.3)2 (6.1)1 (0.6)1 (20.0)
        nmMRSA C4 (1.4)10 (2.7)2 (1.6)3 (1.8)
        nmMRSA D2 (0.7)
        nmMRSA E3 (1.1)1 (0.3)
        nmMRSA F2 (0.7)2 (0.5)
        UK EMRSA-161 (0.3)
        Sporadic10 (3.6)4 (1.1)2 (8.7)3 (2.3)1 (0.6)1 (20.0)
            Subtotal156 (55.7)199 (54.2)17 (73.9)21 (63.6)61 (47.3)75 (44.4)5 (100)3 (37.5)
    Multiresistant
        AUS-290 (32.1)123 (33.5)5 (21.7)9 (27.3)61 (47.3)88 (52.1)5 (62.5)
        AUS-318 (6.3)39 (10.6)3 (9.1)1 (0.8)2 (1.2)
        Irish-21 (0.4)
        Irish-13 (0.8)2 (1.2)
        Sporadic15 (5.4)3 (0.8)1 (4.3)6 (4.7)2 (1.2)
            Subtotal124 (44.3)168 (45.8)6 (26.1)12 (36.4)68 (52.8)94 (55.6)05 (62.5)
  • TABLE 3

    —Continued

    No. (%) of isolates
    MelbourneHobartAdelaidePerthDarwin
    2000 (n = 40)2002 (n = 39)2000 (n = 2)2002 (n = 6)2000 (n = 28)2002 (n = 36)2000 (n = 46)2002 (n = 55)2000 (n = 7)2002 (n = 21)
    3 (10.7)5 (13.9)3 (6.5)8 (14.5)
    2 (5.0)1 (2.6)2 (5.6)1 (1.8)5 (23.8)
    1 (2.5)2 (5.1)2 (100)3 (50.0)5 (17.9)14 (38.9)27 (58.7)22 (40.0)3 (42.9)2 (9.5)
    1 (2.5)2 (33.3)1 (3.6)3 (8.3)1 (1.8)
    1 (2.6)1 (3.6)1 (2.8)11 (23.9)13 (23.6)
    2 (7.1)2 (5.6)11 (23.9)13 (23.6)
    2 (7.1)5 (9.1)
    1 (3.6)1 (2.8)2 (4.3)
    2 (28.6)2 (9.5)
    1 (1.8)
    1 (2.6)2 (7.1)1 (2.8)1 (2.2)1 (14.3)1 (4.8)
    4 (10.0)5 (12.8)2 (100)5 (83.3)17 (60.7)29 (80.6)44 (95.7)51 (92.7)6 (85.7)10 (47.6)
    22 (55.0)12 (30.8)1 (16.7)2 (7.1)8 (38.1)
    8 (20.0)22 (56.4)8 (28.6)6 (16.7)3 (5.5)1 (14.3)3 (14.3)
    1 (2.2)
    1 (1.8)
    6 (15.0)1 (3.6)1 (2.8)1 (2.2)
    36 (90.0)34 (87.2)01 (16.7)11 (39.3)7 (19.4)2 (4.3)4 (7.3)1 (14.3)11 (52.4)
  • TABLE 4.

    Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 33 isolates representative of strains of mMRSA and nmMRSA identified in Australia in the 2000 and 2002 surveys

    Isolate (survey yr)Resistance patternaUrease test resultPhage susceptibilitycCoagulase gene PCR-RFLP patterndMLSTSCCmec typeStrain designationb
    ST, allelic profileCC
    Multiresistant
        RPAH15 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP+88, 85, (90); MR12, MR25, 56B; 56A, 56B, 56C, 67R, 87M24239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-2
        RPAH18 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP+83A; MR8, MR12, MR25, 622, 56B; 56A, 56B; 56C, 67R, 87M24239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-2
        LVH25 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP+88, 85, 90; MR8, MR12, 622, 56B; 47T, 56A, 56B; 56C, 90A, 67R, 87M, 13M24239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-2
        CH10 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+88; 87M; MR12, MR25, 33, 38, M524a239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        IMVS51 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+8524239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        GP35 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+8524239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        IMVS20 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+88, 54, 8524239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        FMC19 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+Nontypeable24239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        RCH66 (2000)ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+Nontypeable24239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        AH41 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, RIF, HgCl2, PMA+Nontypeable24239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        RDH81 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+Nontypeable24239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        AH1 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+Nontypeable24128, 2-3-1-40-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        FMC1 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+88, 8524239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        AH13 (2000)TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA+Nontypeable24239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIAUS-3
        RPH2 (2000)ERY, CIP, TMP+(85), (90), (90A), 13M188, 3-3-1-1-4-4-38IV (pediatric)Irish-2
        LIV79 (2002)ERY, GEN, CIP+Nontypeable18239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-38IIIsporadic
        CH39 (2002)ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP+NontypeableNot tested8, 3-3-1-1-4-4-38Novel (i)mMRSA G
    Nonmultiresistant
        CH16 (2000)ERY, CIP−Nontypeable2222, 7-6-1-5-8-8-622IVEMRSA 15
        PAH58 (2000)+52, 52A, 80, 55, 54, 77, 842430, 2-2-2-2-6-3-230IVSWP
        PAH1 (2000)ERY, MVP+55, 47, 54, 77, 842430, 2-2-2-2-6-3-230IVSWP
        SJOG30 (2000)FUS+Nontypeable201, 1-1-1-1-1-1-11IVWAMRSAI
        PC8 (2000)ERY+88, 52A, 6, 42E, 47, 53, 54, 83A, 85, 90201, 1-1-1-1-1-1-11IVWAMRSAI
        RBH98 (2000)+Nontypeable3293, 6-64-44-2-43-55-51SingletonIVQLD
        RBH87 (2000)ERY, CIP+Nontypeable258129, 22-1-14-41-12-53-31298Novel (ii)nmMRSA B
        CH97 (2000)ERY+88, 29, 52A, 79, 47, 53, 54, 903673, 1-4-27-4-12-1-105IVnmMRSA C
        IMVS67 (2000)TET+88, 77, 83A, 84188, 3-3-1-1-4-4-38VnmMRSA D
        RPH74 (2000)+54DNC45, 10-14-8-6-10-3-245VnmMRSA E
        RDH57 (2000)+52A, 79, 53DNA75, 36-3-43-34-39-52-49NewIVnmMRSA F
        RDH29 (2002)ERY+NontypeableNot testednew, 36-new-43-34-new-new-newSingletonIVSporadic
        WCH100 (2002)GEN+NontypeableNot tested152, 46-75-49-44-13-68-60SingletonVSporadic
        RCH88 (2002)TET, FUS+NontypeableNot tested80slv, 1-3-1-14-11-27-1080IVSporadic
        RDH72 (2002)+NontypeableNot tested80slv, 1-3-1-14-11-27-1080IVSporadic
        CH36 (2002)TET, ERY+52A, 53, 54, 83A, 85, 88, 90; 47T, 90A, 1648, 67R, 13M; MR8, MR12, MR25, 30, 33, 38, M5, 622Not tested8, 3-3-1-1-4-4-38IVSporadic
    • ↵ a TET, tetracycline; ERY, erythromycin; TMP, trimethoprim; GEN, gentamicin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; RIF, rifampin; FUS, fusidic acid; MUP, mupirocin.

    • ↵ b Synonyms for strain AUS-2 or AUS-3 are Eastern Australia; UK EMRSA-1, -4, and -11; Portuguese/Brazilian; and Vienna. A synonym for strain MRSA G is Irish-1. A synonym for EMRSA 15 is Barnim. Synonyms for strain SWP are WSPP1, WSPP2, and Oceania. A synonym for strain QLD is pulsotype R.

    • ↵ c Parentheses mean variable reaction.

    • ↵ d DNC, did not cut; DNA, did not amplify.

PreviousNext
Back to top
Download PDF
Citation Tools
Genetic Diversity among Community Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Causing Outpatient Infections in Australia
Geoffrey W. Coombs, Graeme R. Nimmo, Jan M. Bell, Flavia Huygens, Frances G. O'Brien, Mary J. Malkowski, Julie C. Pearson, Alex J. Stephens, Philip M. Giffard the Australian Group for Antimicrobial Resistance
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 2004, 42 (10) 4735-4743; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4735-4743.2004

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Print

Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email

Thank you for sharing this Journal of Clinical Microbiology article.

NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Genetic Diversity among Community Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Causing Outpatient Infections in Australia
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal of Clinical Microbiology
(Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Journal of Clinical Microbiology.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
Genetic Diversity among Community Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Causing Outpatient Infections in Australia
Geoffrey W. Coombs, Graeme R. Nimmo, Jan M. Bell, Flavia Huygens, Frances G. O'Brien, Mary J. Malkowski, Julie C. Pearson, Alex J. Stephens, Philip M. Giffard the Australian Group for Antimicrobial Resistance
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 2004, 42 (10) 4735-4743; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4735-4743.2004
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Top
  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

KEYWORDS

Genetic Variation
methicillin resistance
Outpatients
Staphylococcal Infections
Staphylococcus aureus

Related Articles

Cited By...

About

  • About JCM
  • Editor in Chief
  • Board of Editors
  • Editor Conflicts of Interest
  • For Reviewers
  • For the Media
  • For Librarians
  • For Advertisers
  • Alerts
  • RSS
  • FAQ
  • Permissions
  • Journal Announcements

Authors

  • ASM Author Center
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Article Types
  • Resources for Clinical Microbiologists
  • Ethics
  • Contact Us

Follow #JClinMicro

@ASMicrobiology

       

ASM Journals

ASM journals are the most prominent publications in the field, delivering up-to-date and authoritative coverage of both basic and clinical microbiology.

About ASM | Contact Us | Press Room

 

ASM is a member of

Scientific Society Publisher Alliance

 

American Society for Microbiology
1752 N St. NW
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 737-3600

 

Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology | Privacy Policy | Website feedback

Print ISSN: 0095-1137; Online ISSN: 1098-660X