DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4735-4743.2004
Article Figures & Data
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Distribution of MRSA and proportion of nmMRSA isolates in Australian cities
City No. (%) of isolates 2000 survey 2002 survey Total MRSA nmMRSA Total MRSA nmMRSA Brisbane 300 23 (7.7) 17 (73.9) 300 37 (12.3) 25 (67.6) Sydney 700 139 (19.9) 64 (46.0) 689 175 (25.4) 76 (43.4) Canberra 100 5 (5.0) 5 (100) 100 8 (8.0) 3 (37.5) Melbourne 400 42 (10.5) 4 (9.5) 399 46 (11.5) 6 (13.0) Hobart 100 2 (2.0) 2 (100) 100 6 (6.1) 5 (83.3) Adelaide 399 29 (7.3) 17 (58.6) 400 36 (9.0) 29 (80.6) Perth 400 46 (11.5) 43 (93.5) 398 55 (13.8) 51 (92.7) Darwin 99 7 (7.1) 6 (85.7) 100 21 (21.0) 10 (47.6) National 2,498 293 (11.7) 158 (53.9) 2,486 384 (15.4) 205 (53.4) - TABLE 2.
Summary of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of mMRSA and nmMRSA strains in Australia
PFGE pattern Typical resistance patterna Urease test result Typical phage susceptibility Coagulase gene PCR-RFLP pattern Multiresistant 22 (AUS-2) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP + 85, 88, 90; 47T, 87M; MR8, MR12, M3 24 24 (AUS-3) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + 87M//M3 24 Irish-2 ERY, TMP, CIP − 85, 90; 90A, 87M 18 Irish-1 ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP + Non typeable 18 Sporadic Variable + variable Variable Nonmultiresistant EMRSA-15 ERY, CIP − Nontypeable 22 EMRSA-16 ERY, CIP + 29; MR12 18 SWP Nil + WSPP1 (29, 52, 52A, 80, 3A, 54, 77, 81), WSPP2 (6, 42E, 47, 54, 77, 81; 67R) 24 WA-MRSA-1 ERY, FUS + 1A (nontypeable), 1B, 52A, 55, 6, 42E, 47, 53, 54, 77, 83A, 85, 88, 90 20 nmMRSA A Nil + Nontypeable 32 nm MRSA B ERY + Nontypeable 258 nmMRSA C ERY + Variable Variable nmMRSA D TET + Variable 18 nmMRSA E Nil + Variable Did not cut nmMRSA F Nil + Variable No product Sporadic Variable + Variable Variable ↵a TET, tetracycline; ERY, erythromycin; TMP, trimethoprim; GEN, gentamicin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; FUS, fusidic acid.
- TABLE 3.
Distribution of MRSA isolates typed by PFGE in Australian cities in 2000 and 2002
Strain No. (%) of isolates National totals Brisbane Sydney Canberra 2000 (n = 280) 2002 (n = 367) 2000 (n = 23) 2002 (n = 33) 2000 (n = 129) 2002 (n = 169) 2000 (n = 5) 2002 (n = 8) Nonmultiresistant EMRSA-15 30 (10.7) 42 (11.4) 1 (4.3) 1 (3.0) 23 (17.8) 28 (16.6) SWP 33 (11.8) 26 (7.1) 9 (39.1) 9 (27.3) 20 (15.5) 6 (3.6) 2 (40.0) 2 (25.0) WA-MRSA-1 45 (16.1) 59 (16.1) 3 (13.0) 6 (18.2) 4 (3.1) 10 (5.9) nmMRSA A 13 (4.6) 36 (9.8) 1 (4.3) 3 (9.1) 9 (7.0) 26 (15.4) 1 (20.0) 1 (12.5) nmMRSA B 14 (4.9) 18 (4.9) 1 (4.3) 2 (6.1) 1 (0.6) 1 (20.0) nmMRSA C 4 (1.4) 10 (2.7) 2 (1.6) 3 (1.8) nmMRSA D 2 (0.7) nmMRSA E 3 (1.1) 1 (0.3) nmMRSA F 2 (0.7) 2 (0.5) UK EMRSA-16 1 (0.3) Sporadic 10 (3.6) 4 (1.1) 2 (8.7) 3 (2.3) 1 (0.6) 1 (20.0) Subtotal 156 (55.7) 199 (54.2) 17 (73.9) 21 (63.6) 61 (47.3) 75 (44.4) 5 (100) 3 (37.5) Multiresistant AUS-2 90 (32.1) 123 (33.5) 5 (21.7) 9 (27.3) 61 (47.3) 88 (52.1) 5 (62.5) AUS-3 18 (6.3) 39 (10.6) 3 (9.1) 1 (0.8) 2 (1.2) Irish-2 1 (0.4) Irish-1 3 (0.8) 2 (1.2) Sporadic 15 (5.4) 3 (0.8) 1 (4.3) 6 (4.7) 2 (1.2) Subtotal 124 (44.3) 168 (45.8) 6 (26.1) 12 (36.4) 68 (52.8) 94 (55.6) 0 5 (62.5) - TABLE 3
—Continued
No. (%) of isolates Melbourne Hobart Adelaide Perth Darwin 2000 (n = 40) 2002 (n = 39) 2000 (n = 2) 2002 (n = 6) 2000 (n = 28) 2002 (n = 36) 2000 (n = 46) 2002 (n = 55) 2000 (n = 7) 2002 (n = 21) 3 (10.7) 5 (13.9) 3 (6.5) 8 (14.5) 2 (5.0) 1 (2.6) 2 (5.6) 1 (1.8) 5 (23.8) 1 (2.5) 2 (5.1) 2 (100) 3 (50.0) 5 (17.9) 14 (38.9) 27 (58.7) 22 (40.0) 3 (42.9) 2 (9.5) 1 (2.5) 2 (33.3) 1 (3.6) 3 (8.3) 1 (1.8) 1 (2.6) 1 (3.6) 1 (2.8) 11 (23.9) 13 (23.6) 2 (7.1) 2 (5.6) 11 (23.9) 13 (23.6) 2 (7.1) 5 (9.1) 1 (3.6) 1 (2.8) 2 (4.3) 2 (28.6) 2 (9.5) 1 (1.8) 1 (2.6) 2 (7.1) 1 (2.8) 1 (2.2) 1 (14.3) 1 (4.8) 4 (10.0) 5 (12.8) 2 (100) 5 (83.3) 17 (60.7) 29 (80.6) 44 (95.7) 51 (92.7) 6 (85.7) 10 (47.6) 22 (55.0) 12 (30.8) 1 (16.7) 2 (7.1) 8 (38.1) 8 (20.0) 22 (56.4) 8 (28.6) 6 (16.7) 3 (5.5) 1 (14.3) 3 (14.3) 1 (2.2) 1 (1.8) 6 (15.0) 1 (3.6) 1 (2.8) 1 (2.2) 36 (90.0) 34 (87.2) 0 1 (16.7) 11 (39.3) 7 (19.4) 2 (4.3) 4 (7.3) 1 (14.3) 11 (52.4) - TABLE 4.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 33 isolates representative of strains of mMRSA and nmMRSA identified in Australia in the 2000 and 2002 surveys
Isolate (survey yr) Resistance patterna Urease test result Phage susceptibilityc Coagulase gene PCR-RFLP patternd MLST SCCmec type Strain designationb ST, allelic profile CC Multiresistant RPAH15 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP + 88, 85, (90); MR12, MR25, 56B; 56A, 56B, 56C, 67R, 87M 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-2 RPAH18 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP + 83A; MR8, MR12, MR25, 622, 56B; 56A, 56B; 56C, 67R, 87M 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-2 LVH25 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP + 88, 85, 90; MR8, MR12, 622, 56B; 47T, 56A, 56B; 56C, 90A, 67R, 87M, 13M 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-2 CH10 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + 88; 87M; MR12, MR25, 33, 38, M5 24a 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 IMVS51 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + 85 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 GP35 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + 85 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 IMVS20 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + 88, 54, 85 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 FMC19 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + Nontypeable 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 RCH66 (2000) ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + Nontypeable 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 AH41 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, RIF, HgCl2, PMA + Nontypeable 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 RDH81 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + Nontypeable 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 AH1 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + Nontypeable 24 128, 2-3-1-40-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 FMC1 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + 88, 85 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 AH13 (2000) TET, ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP, HgCl2, PMA + Nontypeable 24 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III AUS-3 RPH2 (2000) ERY, CIP, TMP + (85), (90), (90A), 13M 18 8, 3-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 IV (pediatric) Irish-2 LIV79 (2002) ERY, GEN, CIP + Nontypeable 18 239, 2-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 III sporadic CH39 (2002) ERY, TMP, GEN, CIP + Nontypeable Not tested 8, 3-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 Novel (i) mMRSA G Nonmultiresistant CH16 (2000) ERY, CIP − Nontypeable 22 22, 7-6-1-5-8-8-6 22 IV EMRSA 15 PAH58 (2000) + 52, 52A, 80, 55, 54, 77, 84 24 30, 2-2-2-2-6-3-2 30 IV SWP PAH1 (2000) ERY, MVP + 55, 47, 54, 77, 84 24 30, 2-2-2-2-6-3-2 30 IV SWP SJOG30 (2000) FUS + Nontypeable 20 1, 1-1-1-1-1-1-1 1 IV WAMRSAI PC8 (2000) ERY + 88, 52A, 6, 42E, 47, 53, 54, 83A, 85, 90 20 1, 1-1-1-1-1-1-1 1 IV WAMRSAI RBH98 (2000) + Nontypeable 32 93, 6-64-44-2-43-55-51 Singleton IV QLD RBH87 (2000) ERY, CIP + Nontypeable 258 129, 22-1-14-41-12-53-31 298 Novel (ii) nmMRSA B CH97 (2000) ERY + 88, 29, 52A, 79, 47, 53, 54, 90 36 73, 1-4-27-4-12-1-10 5 IV nmMRSA C IMVS67 (2000) TET + 88, 77, 83A, 84 18 8, 3-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 V nmMRSA D RPH74 (2000) + 54 DNC 45, 10-14-8-6-10-3-2 45 V nmMRSA E RDH57 (2000) + 52A, 79, 53 DNA 75, 36-3-43-34-39-52-49 New IV nmMRSA F RDH29 (2002) ERY + Nontypeable Not tested new, 36-new-43-34-new-new-new Singleton IV Sporadic WCH100 (2002) GEN + Nontypeable Not tested 152, 46-75-49-44-13-68-60 Singleton V Sporadic RCH88 (2002) TET, FUS + Nontypeable Not tested 80slv, 1-3-1-14-11-27-10 80 IV Sporadic RDH72 (2002) + Nontypeable Not tested 80slv, 1-3-1-14-11-27-10 80 IV Sporadic CH36 (2002) TET, ERY + 52A, 53, 54, 83A, 85, 88, 90; 47T, 90A, 1648, 67R, 13M; MR8, MR12, MR25, 30, 33, 38, M5, 622 Not tested 8, 3-3-1-1-4-4-3 8 IV Sporadic ↵a TET, tetracycline; ERY, erythromycin; TMP, trimethoprim; GEN, gentamicin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; RIF, rifampin; FUS, fusidic acid; MUP, mupirocin.
↵b Synonyms for strain AUS-2 or AUS-3 are Eastern Australia; UK EMRSA-1, -4, and -11; Portuguese/Brazilian; and Vienna. A synonym for strain MRSA G is Irish-1. A synonym for EMRSA 15 is Barnim. Synonyms for strain SWP are WSPP1, WSPP2, and Oceania. A synonym for strain QLD is pulsotype R.
↵c Parentheses mean variable reaction.
↵d DNC, did not cut; DNA, did not amplify.
