Skip to main content
  • ASM
    • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
    • EcoSal Plus
    • Eukaryotic Cell
    • Infection and Immunity
    • Journal of Bacteriology
    • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
    • Journal of Virology
    • mBio
    • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
    • Microbiology Resource Announcements
    • Microbiology Spectrum
    • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    • mSphere
    • mSystems
  • Log in
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • COVID-19 Special Collection
    • Archive
    • Minireviews
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Scope
    • Editorial Policy
    • Submission, Review, & Publication Processes
    • Organization and Format
    • Errata, Author Corrections, Retractions
    • Illustrations and Tables
    • Nomenclature
    • Abbreviations and Conventions
    • Publication Fees
    • Ethics Resources and Policies
  • About the Journal
    • About JCM
    • Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Board
    • For Reviewers
    • For the Media
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Alerts
    • RSS
    • FAQ
  • Subscribe
    • Members
    • Institutions
  • ASM
    • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
    • EcoSal Plus
    • Eukaryotic Cell
    • Infection and Immunity
    • Journal of Bacteriology
    • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
    • Journal of Virology
    • mBio
    • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
    • Microbiology Resource Announcements
    • Microbiology Spectrum
    • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    • mSphere
    • mSystems

User menu

  • Log in
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
publisher-logosite-logo

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • COVID-19 Special Collection
    • Archive
    • Minireviews
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Scope
    • Editorial Policy
    • Submission, Review, & Publication Processes
    • Organization and Format
    • Errata, Author Corrections, Retractions
    • Illustrations and Tables
    • Nomenclature
    • Abbreviations and Conventions
    • Publication Fees
    • Ethics Resources and Policies
  • About the Journal
    • About JCM
    • Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Board
    • For Reviewers
    • For the Media
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Alerts
    • RSS
    • FAQ
  • Subscribe
    • Members
    • Institutions
Bacteriology

Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Barry Curran, Daniel Jonas, Hajo Grundmann, Tyrone Pitt, Christopher G. Dowson
Barry Curran
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Daniel Jonas
2Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Hajo Grundmann
2Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Tyrone Pitt
3Laboratory of Hospital Infection, Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Christopher G. Dowson
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: c.g.dowson@warwick.ac.uk
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5644-5649.2004
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Tables

  • TABLE 1.

    Properties of the P. aeruginosa strains used for validationa

    StrainSTBURST groupAllelic profileSero- typetoxA typeHospital, center, or geographic sourceIsolation siteDate of isolation (mo-yr)
    Soil isolate (n = 2)14517, 35, 36, 3, 14, 4, 7NAWellesbourne, UKSoilJan-99
    Midlands 1 epidemic 11617, 20, 1, 3, 13, 6, 7NANASputum
    862311015, 5, 1, 3, 2, 12, 7NA07.06.06 T6NANA
    PA009383111, 5, 1, 3, 14, 17, 7PAFolkestone, UKTissue sampleNov-01
    PA009282132, 5, 24, 3, 14, 17, 7O11Wycombe, UKBloodNov-01
    1353 M10033, 3, 3, 3, 4, 12, 7NAWellesbourne, UKMushroom compost
    787412926, 5, 6, 7, 2, 6, 7O307.03.22 T31West Yorkshire, UKNA
    791611926, 5, 6, 7, 3, 6, 7O1110.08.10 T13Bristol, UKNA
    81842726, 5, 6, 7, 4, 6, 7O1104.08.10 T5Queen Mary's, UKNA
    81012726, 5, 6, 7, 4, 6, 7O1110.08.17 T7Stourbridge, UKNA
    69542726, 5, 6, 7, 4, 6, 7O404.06.11 T10Glasgow, UKNA
    63382726, 5, 6, 7, 4, 6, 7O1202.02.02 T17NANA
    45872726, 5, 6, 7, 4, 6, 7O1110.08.09 T14Boston, UKNA
    76271126, 5, 6, 7, 4, 6, 3O401.01.01 T1Croydon, UKNA
    2359 Canada726, 5, 6, 7, 4, 6, 1NACanadaOil-contaminated aquiferJan-87
    828115212, 5, 6, 7, 4, 6, 7NANANA
    812212826, 5, 6, 8, 21, 6, 7O103.10.15. T12Mid-Glamorgan, UKNA
    579812226, 5, 6, 8, 2, 6, 7NANANA
    6563108, 5, 8, 8, 4, 6, 7O301.01.01 T1Blackburn, UKNA
    PA0051444, 5, 6, 7, 1, 16, 7O9Luton, UKSputumAug-02
    PA00746630, 10, 23, 5, 4, 2, 7O4Dorset, UKBloodMar-02
    PA00504325, 5, 17, 5, 4, 15, 7O11Chelsea, UKWound swabSep-02
    PA00403319, 5, 15, 3, 4, 12, 7O11Birmingham, UKNANov-02
    PA00292519, 5, 12, 7, 4, 10, 7O6Manchester, UKSputumJan-03
    Clone C 142311, 5, 1, 7, 9, 26, 7NASputum
    873517311, 5, 1, 7, 9, 4, 7O101.01.01 T1Birmingham, UKNA
    827714311, 5, 1, 7, 9, 8, 7O101.01.01 T1Durham, UKNA
    Clone C genotype
    P10118 117311, 20, 1, 7, 9, 4, 32NANASputum
    Clone C genotype
    P10119 115311, 20, 1, 7, 9, 4, 7NANASputum
    PA01009039, 25, 9, 7, 9, 20, 7O1Northampton, UKNASep-01
    PA00726428, 4, 22, 7, 9, 10, 7O15Ormskirk, UKUrineApr-02
    Melbourne 14111, 33, 11, 31, 23, 4, 7NANASputum
    PA0105957, 4, 7, 5, 2, 7, 7O6London, UKNAAug-01
    PA0049424, 13, 16, 5, 2, 7, 7O11London, UKBronccoalveolar lavage fluidSep-02
    PA00756731, 4, 6, 5, 2, 6, 7O11Birmingham, UKNAMar-02
    PA00575026, 17, 11, 5, 2, 4, 7O6Newcastle, UKBloodJul-02
    Manchester 14317, 34, 11, 18, 4, 13, 3NANASputum
    PA00443723, 16, 11, 4, 4, 6, 3O7Leeds, UKBloodOct-02
    PA0036124420, 8, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3O6Cheshire, UKNADec-02
    8756113417, 5, 5, 4, 19, 4, 3O1206.04.00 T4FranceNA
    8722111417, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3O1206.04.00 T4Belfast, UKNA
    6950102415, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3O1206.04.00 T4Southport, UKNA
    PA010897411, 5, 1, 4, 4, 20, 3O1Bristol, UKNAJul-01
    PA006153411, 5, 19, 4, 4, 4, 3PABrighton, UKSputumJun-02
    1330 M43, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3NAWellesbourne, UKMushroom compost
    81031331, 20, 32, 3, 4, 25, 3O307.08.17 T34St. Mary's, UKNA
    727213423, 20, 7, 30, 4, 4, 10O604.08.05 T24Cumbria, UKNA
    PA00988822, 4, 17, 7, 4, 13, 7PALondon, UKBloodOct-01
    PA00686028, 4, 17, 15, 4, 4, 3O4Nottingham, UKTissue sampleMay-02
    84401326, 20, 1, 3, 4, 4, 2O610.08.03 T41Carmarthen, UKNA
    PA0094846, 11, 1, 5, 4, 4, 27O4Bristol, UKNANov-01
    PA0107966, 5, 1, 11, 17, 7, 2O6Leicester, UKSputumAug-01
    PA0020186, 4, 1, 11, 4, 7, 10PAStafford, UKNAFeb-03
    73061356, 20, 11, 7, 1, 12, 19606.09.13 T25Queen Elizabeth IINA
    811310622, 20, 11, 23, 1, 3, 3O1110.08.09 T4ConquestNA
    PA00766832, 20, 24, 3, 1, 17, 15O11Dublin, IrelandBloodMar-02
    PA00433611, 15, 11, 3, 1, 14, 15O1York, UKNAOct-02
    PA00342815, 10, 11, 3, 2, 7, 12NTLondon, UKBloodDec-02
    PA00222015, 5, 11, 3, 1, 7, 11O6Cheshire, UKSputumFeb-03
    Liverpool a 11411, 20, 11, 3, 4, 23, 1NALiverpool, UKSputum
    PA00675911, 4, 11, 11, 4, 12, 20O11London, UKNAMay-02
    83641305, 8, 25, 28, 4, 24, 34O301.02.18 T38University College, UKNA
    PA0097875, 24, 25, 21, 4, 4, 7O3London, UKBronccoalveolar lavage fluidOct-01
    840512743, 30, 31, 26, 4, 24, 32O8Atyp 4 T49Bangor, UKNA
    59731316, 5, 11, 29, 11, 15, 1NANANA
    87341126, 5, 1, 25, 1, 12, 1O606.03.14 T11Stoke/Trent, UKNA
    PA008912536, 1, 28, 1, 1, 7, 1PALondon, UKNADec-01
    NCTC 1066211, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1NANANAApr-69
    718610317, 5, 12, 22, 14, 22, 29O1104.08.10 T5Truro, UKNA
    PA00847617, 21, 12, 5, 1, 17, 1O4London, UKBloodJan-02
    PA00242116, 5, 12, 11, 1, 2, 1O3Bedford, UKSkinJan-03
    PA002612317, 5, 5, 1, 10, 12, 2O6Sheffield, UKNAJan-03
    PA01019117, 5, 5, 1, 1, 21, 1O11Windsor, UKBloodSep-01
    PA00544717, 5, 5, 12, 1, 10, 16PALondon, UKSputumAug-02
    PA0070622, 5, 5, 16, 3, 1, 19O11London, UKBloodMay-02
    PA0062542, 5, 5, 11, 4, 4, 16O11Leeds, UKHospital sinkJun-02
    838612111, 5, 7, 27, 1, 7, 33O109.11.10 T40Wexham, UKNA
    567087, 5, 7, 3, 7, 1, 6O1110.08.04 T16Scunthorpe, UKNA
    PA01029240, 5, 30, 3, 1, 4, 8O9London, UKNASep-01
    PA00534654, 5, 16, 3, 1, 17, 13O9Lincoln, UKUrineAug-02
    PA00453854, 5, 16, 3, 1, 4, 13O3Wolverhampton, UKBloodOct-02
    PA004639518, 5, 5, 3, 1, 6, 13O11Folkestone, UKBloodOct-02
    PA003831521, 5, 5, 3, 1, 4, 13O14Ashton under Lyme, UKNANov-02
    PA003730515, 12, 5, 3, 1, 4, 13O10London, UKBloodNov-02
    PA00908137, 5, 29, 3, 4, 4, 26O6Folkestone, UKNANov-01
    831810839, 5, 20, 5, 1, 6, 31O601.01.23 T3Sutton, UKNA
    PA00817333, 5, 25, 20, 1, 6, 24O10London, UKBloodJan-02
    PA01049424, 5, 3, 5, 16, 6, 28O6Leicester, UKHospital floorAug-01
    PA01111265, 27, 5, 13, 1, 13, 4O6Nottingham, UKBloodJul-01
    PA0095855, 11, 3, 13, 1, 4, 4O4London, UKBloodOct-01
    PA01039322, 5, 11, 13, 1, 15, 4O14Leeds, UKBloodSep-01
    PA0066584, 5, 16, 13, 1, 2, 4O4Nottingham, UKNAMay-02
    PA0055486, 5, 4, 13, 1, 4, 4PANewcastle on Tyne, UKBloodJul-02
    PA00635527, 5, 20, 13, 1, 2, 8O6Bedford, UKBloodJun-02
    PA00837517, 5, 26, 13, 1, 17, 25O6Brompton, UKNAJan-02
    PA00998913, 8, 5, 13, 1, 7, 25O7Folkestone, UKSputumSep-01
    82971613, 8, 9, 3, 1, 9, 9O1110.08.17 T7Ports; mouth, UKNA
    838210964, 4, 16, 24, 1, 6, 3O1005.03.05 T2Whippscross, UKNA
    820210764, 4, 16, 21, 1, 6, 1O1005.03.05 T2St. Thomas, UKNA
    721510464, 4, 16, 3, 1, 6, 30O1105.03.05 T2Bath, UKNA
    82371310, 4, 5, 10, 1, 6, 3O1005.03.05 T2St. Bar, UKNA
    PA007769728, 4, 3, 3, 1, 6, 11O11Dudley, UKSputumMar-02
    PA006961713, 4, 9, 3, 1, 6, 11O15Gloucester, UKSputumMay-02
    PA00968638, 4, 3, 3, 15, 15, 3PALondon, UKBloodOct-01
    PA00877934, 11, 3, 12, 1, 13, 3O11London, UKStaff hands, intensive careDec-01
    PA005649824, 5, 3, 12, 1, 6, 3NTSurrey, UKNAJul-02
    1346 M41824, 3, 3, 12, 1, 7, 3NAWellesbourne, UKMushroom compost
    PA006557811, 5, 1, 12, 1, 12, 3O12London, UKBloodMay-02
    PA006052811, 19, 12, 12, 1, 6, 3O11Wycombe, UKSputumJun-02
    PA005245811, 5, 12, 12, 1, 6, 3O9Lincoln, UKSputumAug-02
    PA00857717, 22, 12, 12, 1, 18, 3O4Nottingham, UKHospital floorJan-02
    PA00736529, 4, 16, 12, 1, 18, 21O10London, UKBloodApr-02
    PA0082744, 5, 1, 19, 13, 7, 23O3Wycombe, UKBloodJan-02
    PA0080724, 4, 16, 19, 13, 10, 23PAYork, UKSputumFeb-02
    PA0047404, 5, 16, 11, 11, 7, 14O7Chelsea, UKWound swabSep-02
    PA0041344, 5, 16, 3, 3, 7, 3O9Luton, UKSputumNov-02
    PA0078704, 4, 16, 17, 10, 12, 22PALondon, UKSputumFeb-02
    719312017, 22, 5, 3, 4, 14, 3O409.08.11 T22Milton Keynes, UKNA
    47851017, 22, 5, 3, 3, 14, 19O404.06.11 T10Kings College, UKNA
    PA00645613, 17, 5, 14, 3, 6, 19O6Telford, UKWound swabJun-02
    842011896, 6, 4, 3, 20, 4, 7O101.13.15 T15Hope, UKNA
    5757996, 6, 4, 3, 3, 4, 7O101.01.01 T1Toulouse, FranceNA
    743310542, 28, 4, 3, 18, 4, 7O103.10.15 T12Leicester, UKNA
    PA01099841, 12, 4, 3, 3, 4, 14O10Cheshire, UKBloodJul-01
    PA01109917, 26, 5, 3, 3, 4, 7O11Brighton, UKNAJul-01
    PA00797128, 4, 5, 18, 3, 4, 7O11Bristol, UKNAFeb-02
    PA00867811, 11, 11, 3, 3, 19, 19PAStoke, UKCatheterDec-01
    PA00423522, 14, 17, 3, 3, 6, 7O6Glasgow, UKSputumOct-02
    PA0035297, 11, 14, 3, 3, 2, 7O11London, UKBloodDec-02
    PA00302616, 8, 1, 3, 3, 13, 3PACheshire, UKNADec-02
    PA0025226, 4, 4, 3, 3, 11, 2O4Northampton, UKTissue sampleJan-03
    1329 M31, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2NAWellesbourne, UKMushroom compost1997
    PA00595124, 19, 3, 3, 11, 10, 18NTLuton, UKEyeJul-02
    PA00888035, 23, 27, 6, 6, 4, 5O1London, UKTracheaDec-01
    PA00211914, 9, 10, 6, 6, 10, 5PADudley, UKVaginal swabFeb-03
    2351 M65, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5NAWellesbourne, UKMushroom compost
    PA0071635, 4, 21, 5, 12, 10, 15O15Ormskirk, UKUrineApr-02
    PA0027231018, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4O15Tyne and Wear, UKUrineJan-03
    1349 M5104, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4NAWellesbourne, UKMushroom compost
    PA00393218, 13, 13, 11, 11, 4, 14O11London, UKVenous lineNov-02
    PA00282418, 5, 13, 11, 2, 6, 2PATyne and Wear, UKUrineJan-03
    8079129, 7, 2, 9, 8, 7, 8NANANA
    1327 M22, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2NAWellesbourne, UKMushroom compost
    • ↵ a Symbols and abbreviations: NA, not available; NT, nontypeable; UK, United Kingdom; boldface, epidemic clones.

  • TABLE 2.

    Functions and genome positions of the seven loci used in the P. aeruginosa typing scheme

    LocusPutative function of gene (strain)Position in PAO1 genome (base pair)
    acsA Acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (PA0887)969670
    aroE Shikimate dehydrogenase (PA0025)26711
    guaA GMP synthase (PA3769)4227237
    mutL DNA mismatch repair protein (PA4946)5551681
    nuoD NADH dehydrogenase I chain C, D (PA2639)2983963
    ppsA Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (PA1770)1914037
    trpE Anthralite synthetase component I (PA0609)670980
  • TABLE 3.

    Dideoxyoligonucleotide primers used for P. aeruginosa MLST

    Locus and functionPrimer sequence (5′ to 3′)Amplicon size (bp)
    ForwardReverse
    acsA
        AmplificationACCTGGTGTACGCCTCGCTGACGACATAGATGCCCTGCCCCTTGAT842
        SequencingGCCACACCTACATCGTCTATGTGGACAACCTCGGCAACCT390
    aroE
        AmplificationTGGGGCTATGACTGGAAACCTAACCCGGTTTTGTGATTCCTACA825
        SequencingATGTCACCGTGCCGTTCAAGTGAAGGCAGTCGGTTCCTTG495
    guaA
        AmplificationCGGCCTCGACGTGTGGATGAGAACGCCTGGCTGGTCTTGTGGTA940
        SequencingAGGTCGGTTCCTCCAAGGTCTCAAGTCGCACCACAACGTC372
    mutL
        AmplificationCCAGATCGCCGCCGGTGAGGTGCAGGGTGCCATAGAGGAAGTC940
        SequencingAGAAGACCGAGTTCGACCATATGACTTCCTCTATGGCACC441
    nuoD
        AmplificationACCGCCACCCGTACTGTCTCGCCCATCTTGACCA1,042
        SequencingACGGCGAGAACGAGGACTACTTCACCTTCACCGACCGCCA366
    ppsA
        AmplificationGGTCGCTCGGTCAAGGTAGTGGGGGTTCTCTTCTTCCGGCTCGTAG989
        SequencingGGTGACGACGGCAAGCTGTATCCTGTGCCGAAGGCGATAC369
    trpE
        AmplificationGCGGCCCAGGGTCGTGAGCCCGGCGCTTGTTGATGGTT811
        SequencingTTCAACTTCGGCGACTTCCAGGTGTCCATGTTGCCGTTCC441
  • TABLE 4.

    Analysis of the seven loci in the P. aeruginosa population sampled

    LocusFragment size (bp)No. of allelesNo. of variable sites% Variable sitesdN/dS
    acsA 39043328.20.03
    aroE 49535336.70.087
    guaA 37236246.50.02
    mutL 44131265.90.051
    nuoD 36623256.80.033
    ppsA 36926256.80.06
    trpE 44135378.40.017
PreviousNext
Back to top
Download PDF
Citation Tools
Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Barry Curran, Daniel Jonas, Hajo Grundmann, Tyrone Pitt, Christopher G. Dowson
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2004, 42 (12) 5644-5649; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5644-5649.2004

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Print

Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email

Thank you for sharing this Journal of Clinical Microbiology article.

NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal of Clinical Microbiology
(Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Journal of Clinical Microbiology.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Barry Curran, Daniel Jonas, Hajo Grundmann, Tyrone Pitt, Christopher G. Dowson
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2004, 42 (12) 5644-5649; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5644-5649.2004
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Top
  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

KEYWORDS

Bacterial Proteins
Bacterial Typing Techniques
DNA, Bacterial
opportunistic infections
Pseudomonas Infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Related Articles

Cited By...

About

  • About JCM
  • Editor in Chief
  • Board of Editors
  • Editor Conflicts of Interest
  • For Reviewers
  • For the Media
  • For Librarians
  • For Advertisers
  • Alerts
  • RSS
  • FAQ
  • Permissions
  • Journal Announcements

Authors

  • ASM Author Center
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Article Types
  • Resources for Clinical Microbiologists
  • Ethics
  • Contact Us

Follow #JClinMicro

@ASMicrobiology

       

ASM Journals

ASM journals are the most prominent publications in the field, delivering up-to-date and authoritative coverage of both basic and clinical microbiology.

About ASM | Contact Us | Press Room

 

ASM is a member of

Scientific Society Publisher Alliance

 

American Society for Microbiology
1752 N St. NW
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 737-3600

 

Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology | Privacy Policy | Website feedback

Print ISSN: 0095-1137; Online ISSN: 1098-660X