Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
One of four most parsimonious trees from MP analysis of the D1 and D2 26S rRNA gene sequences from species of the K. telluris clade. Tree length = 95, consistency index = 0.853, retention index = 0.956, rescaled consistency index = 0.815, homoplasy index = 0.147. Bootstrap values ≥50% are given above the branches; and branch lengths, indicated as the number of steps, are given below the branches. Naumovia castellii was the designated outgroup species. Strains are designated by NRRL accession numbers followed by GenBank accession numbers for strains with unique DNA sequences. T, type strain of the designated Kazachstania species; TA, type strain of the previously described Candida anamorph.
- FIG. 2.
One of 100 most parsimonious trees from MP analysis of mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA gene sequences from species of the K. telluris clade. Tree length = 79, consistency index = 0.924, retention index = 0.947, rescaled consistency index = 0.875, homoplasy index = 0.076. Other designations are as defined in the legend to Fig. 1. Because of sequencing difficulties, NRRL Y-27538 and NRRL Y-27546 were excluded from the analysis.
- FIG. 3.
One of 100 most parsimonious trees from MP analysis of RNA polymerase II nucleotide sequences from species of the K. telluris clade. Tree length = 198, consistency index = 0.798, retention index = 0.926, rescaled consistency index = 0.739, homoplasy index = 0.202. Other designations are as defined in the legend to Fig. 1.
- FIG. 4.
Comparison of divergence among type strains of species of Saccharomyces and Kazachstania from MP analysis of the D1and D2 domains of the 26S rRNA gene sequences. One of three most parsimonious trees is shown. Tree length = 126, consistency index = 0.794, retention index = 0.867, rescaled consistency index = 0.688, homoplasy index = 0.206. Other designations are as defined in the legend to Fig. 1.
- FIG. 5.
(A and B) K. bovina NRRL Y-7283: (A) budding cells; (B) asci with a single ascospore, YM agar, 15 days. (C and D) K. heterogenica NRRL Y-27499: (C) budding cells; (D) ascus with an ascospore, YM agar, 25 days. (E and F) K. pintolopesii NRRL Y-27500: (E) budding cells; (F) ascus with an ascospore, YM agar, 23 days. (G to J) K. slooffiae NRRL YB-4349: (G) budding cells; (H) pseudohyphae, Dalmau plate with yeast morphology agar, 7 days, 37°C (NRRL Y-27498); (I) asci with a single ascospore, acetate agar, 22 days; (J) conjugation between two cells, acetate agar, 22 days. (K and L) K. telluris NRRL YB-4302: (K) budding cells; (L) asci with ascospores, acetate agar, 8 days. For all panels, budding cells, YM agar, 2 days, 37°C and ascospore formation, 25°C. Bar, 5 μm.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Sources of strains and their taxonomic designations as proposed in this study
Species Strain designation Source (description of strain)a Ascospore formationb NRRL CBSc Kazachstania bovina Y-7283T 9732 Nasal passage, pigeon, USA + Y-27501 5812 Human, France + Y-27502 6264 Nasal passage, pigeon, USA + Y-27511 2760 Cecum, cow, Portugal (strain of Candida bovina) −? Y-27536 2678 Crop, turkey, UK − Kazachstania heterogenica Y-27499T 2675 Feces, rodent, New Zealand + Y-2306 Lungs, spleen, mouse, Portugal −? Y-27537 2778 Cecum, rat, Portugal − Y-27541 3046 Peritoneal cavity, mouse, USA −? Kazachstania pintolopesii Y-27500T 2985 Peritoneal fluid, dead guinea pig, Indonesia ++ Y-2251 Mouse, Paraguay? − Y-2260 1787 Liver, mouse, Portugal (type strain of Candida pintolopesii) −? Y-7492 Stomach, mouse, USA − Y-27461 Stomach, mouse, NIH, USA − Y-27462 Stomach, mouse, NIH, USA −? Y-27463 Stomach, mouse, NIH, USA + Y-27464 Stomach, mouse, NIH, USA −? Y-27465 Feces, mouse, NIH, USA − Y-27466 Feces, mouse, NIH, USA + Y-27467 Feces, mouse, NIH, USA −? Y-27510 2676 Udder, mouse, The Netherlands −? Y-27539 3011 Feces, rat, UK − Y-27540 3045 Mouse, Uruguay − Y-27542 3047 Gut, pigeon, USA − Y-27543 3084 Gut, chinchilla, Canada − Y-27544 6261 Unknown − YB-1785 Mouse, USA + YB-2574 Rodent?, USA + YB-2576 Rodent?, USA −? YB-2577 Rodent?, USA − YB-2578 Rodent?, USA −? YB-2579 Rodent?, USA − YB-2580 Rodent?, USA − YB-2581 Rodent?, USA − YB-2582 Rodent?, USA −? YB-3291 Lungs, spleen, mouse, USA − YB-3357 Intestines, rat, USA − YB-3360 Intestines, rat, USA −? YB-3359 Intestines, rat, USA − Kazachstania slooffiae YB-4349T 9733 Cecum, horse, Portugal + Y-27498 2419 Cecum, horse, Portugal (type strain of Candida slooffiae) − Y-27538 2783 Cecum, horse, Portugal − Y-27546 4068 Cecum, pig, Portugal − YB-4351 Cecum, horse, Portugal − Kazachstania (Arxiozyma) telluris YB-4302T 2685 Soil, South Africa +++ Y-7284 6258 Nasal passage, pigeon, USA +++ Y-7285 Nasal passage, pigeon, USA ++ Y-27545 6265 Nasal passage, pigeon, USA + ↵ a Abbreviations: NIH, National Institutes of Health; UK, United Kingdom; USA, United States.
↵ b −, no ascospores; −?, possible poorly formed ascospores; +, infrequent ascospores; ++, occasional ascospores; +++, ascospores relatively common.
↵ c CBS, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- TABLE 2.
Physiological and morphological characteristics of Kazachstania species in the K. telluris clade
Species Glucose fermentation Growtha Presence of pseudohyphae Glucose Ethanol dl-Lactic acid Succinic acid 10% NaCl-5% glucose 40°C 42°C K. bovina 5/5b 5/5 5/5 4/5 2/5 0/5 5/5 3/5 0/5 K. heterogenica 4/4 4/4 3/4 3/4 0/4 0/4 3/4 0/4 0/4 K. pintolopesii 29/29 29/29 4/29 13/29 0/29 0/29 29/29 1/29 0/29 K. slooffiae 5/5 5/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 5/5 2/5 5/5 K. telluris 4/4 4/4 4/4 4/4 0/4 2/4 4/4 4/4 0/4
