Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Drug-hypersensitive and -resistant C. neoformans clinical isolates. (A) Some clinical isolates are hypersensitive to calcineurin inhibitors. Fivefold serial dilutions (starting at ≈10,000 cells) of wild-type strain H99, PAT6ISO1, PAT8ISO1, PAT10ISO1, and PAT22ISO1 were grown on YPD solid medium with no drug (−), 100 μg of CsA per ml, or 1 μg of FK506 per ml for 48 h at 30 or 35°C. (B) Several clinical isolates are resistant to calcineurin inhibitors. Wild-type strain H99, CNA1-1 mutant strain MCC11, and clinical isolates PAT24ISO1, PAT26ISO1, and PAT27ISO1 were diluted as in panel A and grown on YPD solid medium with no drug (−), 100 μg of CsA per ml, or 1 μg of FK506 per ml for 48 h at 30 or 38°C.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Clinical strain data
Straina Genotype Organ transplanted Immunotherapyb Site(s) infectedc Sensitivityd Relative capsule sizee PAT2ISO1 Aα Liver MMF, FK506 Blood S − PAT2ISO2 Aα Liver MMF, FK506 Abdominal abscess S − PAT3ISO1 Aα Lung CsA Cutaneous S + PAT4ISO1 Aα Liver FK506 Pulmonary/cutaneous S − PAT5ISO1 Aα Liver FK506 CSF S = PAT6ISO1 Aα Kidney/pancreas MMF, FK506 Lung biopsy HS = PAT7ISO1 Aα Liver MMF, FK506 CSF S = PAT7ISO2 Aα Liver MMF, FK506 CSF S = PAT8ISO1 Aα Liver Leg biopsy HS + PAT9ISO1 Aα Kidney Abscess S + PAT10ISO1 Aα Heart FK506 CSF HS + PAT11ISO1 Aα Kidney FK506 CSF S + PAT12ISO1 Bα Liver FK506 Pulmonary S = PAT13ISO1 Aα Liver FK506 CSF S − PAT14ISO1 Aα Kidney Azathioprine Cutaneous S + PAT15ISO1 Aα Kidney Azathioprine CSF/pulmonary S + PAT16ISO1 Aα Kidney Azathioprine CSF S − PAT17ISO1 Aα Kidney Azathioprine CSF S = PAT18ISO1 Aα Kidney Azathioprine CSF S − PAT19ISO1 Aα Heart MMF, CsA CSF S − PAT20ISO1 Aα Liver FK506 Pulmonary S = PAT21ISO1 Aα Kidney CsA Pulmonary/skin/CSF S − PAT22ISO1 Aα Kidney FK506 Pulmonary HS = PAT23ISO1 Aα Kidney FK506 Pulmonary S − PAT24ISO1 Aα Liver FK506 CSF/pulmonary R − PAT25ISO1 Aα Kidney Azathioprine Pulmonary S − PAT26ISO1 Aα Kidney Azathioprine CSF R − PAT27ISO1 Aα Liver FK506 Pulmonary R = PAT28ISO1 Aα Liver FK506 Pulmonary HS = PAT29ISO1 Aα Kidney/pancreas FK506 CSF/pulmonary S = PAT30ISO1 Aα Kidney MMF, FK506, pred CSF/blood S + PAT30ISO2 Aα Kidney MMF, FK506, pred CSF/blood S + PAT31ISO1 Aα Kidney MMF, FK506, pred CSF S − ↵ a Multiple isolates from the same patient are given the same PAT number with successive ISO numbers (i.e., PAT2ISO1 and PAT2ISO2 are from the same patient).
↵ b Immunosuppressive therapy: data not available for PAT8ISO1 and PAT9ISO1. MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; pred, prednisone.
↵ c CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.
↵ d S, sensitive; HS, hypersensitive; R, resistant.
↵ e Relative capsule size is shown as significantly larger than (+), smaller than (−), or equal to (=) that of H99 (unpaired two-tailed Student t test with 25 samples each).
