Skip to main content
  • ASM
    • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
    • EcoSal Plus
    • Eukaryotic Cell
    • Infection and Immunity
    • Journal of Bacteriology
    • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
    • Journal of Virology
    • mBio
    • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
    • Microbiology Resource Announcements
    • Microbiology Spectrum
    • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    • mSphere
    • mSystems
  • Log in
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • COVID-19 Special Collection
    • Archive
    • Minireviews
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Scope
    • Editorial Policy
    • Submission, Review, & Publication Processes
    • Organization and Format
    • Errata, Author Corrections, Retractions
    • Illustrations and Tables
    • Nomenclature
    • Abbreviations and Conventions
    • Publication Fees
    • Ethics Resources and Policies
  • About the Journal
    • About JCM
    • Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Board
    • For Reviewers
    • For the Media
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Alerts
    • RSS
    • FAQ
  • Subscribe
    • Members
    • Institutions
  • ASM
    • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
    • EcoSal Plus
    • Eukaryotic Cell
    • Infection and Immunity
    • Journal of Bacteriology
    • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
    • Journal of Virology
    • mBio
    • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
    • Microbiology Resource Announcements
    • Microbiology Spectrum
    • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    • mSphere
    • mSystems

User menu

  • Log in
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
publisher-logosite-logo

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • COVID-19 Special Collection
    • Archive
    • Minireviews
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Scope
    • Editorial Policy
    • Submission, Review, & Publication Processes
    • Organization and Format
    • Errata, Author Corrections, Retractions
    • Illustrations and Tables
    • Nomenclature
    • Abbreviations and Conventions
    • Publication Fees
    • Ethics Resources and Policies
  • About the Journal
    • About JCM
    • Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Board
    • For Reviewers
    • For the Media
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Alerts
    • RSS
    • FAQ
  • Subscribe
    • Members
    • Institutions
Epidemiology

Use of Genotypic Identification by sodA Sequencing in a Prospective Study To Examine the Distribution of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species among Strains Recovered during Septic Orthopedic Surgery and Evaluate Their Significance

V. Sivadon, M. Rottman, S. Chaverot, J.-C. Quincampoix, V. Avettand, P. de Mazancourt, L. Bernard, P. Trieu-Cuot, J.-M. Féron, A. Lortat-Jacob, P. Piriou, T. Judet, J.-L. Gaillard
V. Sivadon
1Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: valerie.sivadon-tardy@apr.ap-hop-paris.fr
M. Rottman
1Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
S. Chaverot
1Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
J.-C. Quincampoix
1Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
V. Avettand
1Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
P. de Mazancourt
2Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
L. Bernard
3Département de Médecine Aiguë Spécialisée, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
P. Trieu-Cuot
5Laboratoire Mixte Pasteur-Necker de Recherche sur les Streptocoques et Streptococcies and Unite INSERM 411, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
J.-M. Féron
4Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A. Lortat-Jacob
4Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
P. Piriou
4Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
T. Judet
4Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
J.-L. Gaillard
1Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2952-2954.2005
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

ABSTRACT

A total of 212 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains recovered prospectively during 119 surgeries for proven or suspected bone and joint infection (BJI) were identified by sodA sequencing. These strains were identified as 151 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, 15 S. warneri isolates, 14 S. capitis isolates, 9 S. hominis isolates, 6 S. lugdunensis isolates, 5 S. haemolyticus isolates, 4 S. caprae isolates, 4 S. pasteuri isolates, 3 S. simulans isolates, and 1 S. cohnii isolate. Only S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis, S. capitis, and S. caprae were found to be infecting organisms and were involved, respectively, in 35 (81.4%), 3 (7.0%), 3 (7.0%), and 2 (4.6%) cases of BJI.

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) strains are a leading cause of arthroplastic infections, accounting for 15 to 37.5% of isolates recovered from peroperative samples (13). Staphylococcus epidermidis is the main species responsible for these infections and for other device-related bone and joint infections (BJI). There are some reports of true BJI caused by CoNS species other than S. epidermidis, including S. caprae (1), S. lugdunensis (24), and S. simulans (18). However, no prospective study has specifically addressed the species distribution of CoNS strains in BJI. Identification of CoNS strains to the species level has long been an obstacle preventing this question from being answered satisfactorily. PCR-based sequencing methods can now accurately identify a wide spectrum of Staphylococcus species (7, 11, 17). In this 4-year prospective study, we used sodA sequencing to identify CoNS species associated with BJI.

All surgical procedures performed in the orthopedic department of Raymond Poincaré hospital (Garches, France) between January 1999 and December 2002 for proven or suspected BJI were studied prospectively. We included all procedures in which at least three independent samples were collected during the same operative procedure, at least one sample was positive for a CoNS strain, and no samples were positive for organisms other than CoNS strains. The samples were processed in a class 2 laminar-flow safety cabinet. A portion of the sample was Gram stained, and the remainder was used to inoculate 10 ml of Schaedler broth (BioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). After agitation, aliquots were used to inoculate chocolate agar plates (incubated in 5% CO2) and blood agar plates (incubated aerobically and anaerobically). The plates were examined daily for 7 days. Broths were subcultured after 1 and 5 days. The “CoNS group” was identified by Gram staining, catalase testing, Slidex latex agglutination testing (BioMérieux), and tube coagulase testing (Bio-Rad, Marnes la Coquette, France). Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (Bio-Rad). Strains were identified to the species level by partial sodA sequencing (17) as described recently by our group (21). We used the definitions and criteria recommended by the OSIRIS (Oxford Skeletal Infection Research and Intervention Service) group (2). CoNS isolates recovered from multiple samples and belonging to the same species (identical sodA sequence) were considered to be the same strain if they had the same colony morphology and identical antibiotic susceptibility patterns. A strain was defined as “significant” if it was recovered from ≥3 distinct peroperative samples. The chi-square test (with Yates' correction for expected frequencies of <5) was used to compare values, and P values of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

A total of 119 surgical procedures (104 patients) yielding only CoNS isolates were included. The patients (64 males and 40 females) were between 21 and 86 years of age (mean, 56 years). Ninety-one patients underwent a single procedure, 11 underwent two procedures, and 2 underwent three procedures. About 60% (71 of 119) of surgical procedures were revision arthroplasty surgery (hip, 46; knee, 23; other, 2), and 40% (48 of 119) were for fracture nonunions, contiguous osteitis, or other BJI. Over 50% (62 of 119) of procedures yielded three or more positive samples. A single species was recovered in 84.9% of procedures, two species were recovered in 12.6% of procedures, and three or more species were recovered in 2.5% of procedures.

A total of 212 CoNS strains were recovered peroperatively. All but one were unambiguously identified, and they belonged to 10 species: S. epidermidis (151 strains), S. warneri (15 strains), S. capitis (13 strains), S. hominis (9 strains), S. lugdunensis (6 strains), S. haemolyticus (5 strains), S. caprae (4 strains), S. pasteuri (4 strains), S. simulans (3 strains), and S. cohnii (1 strain). The unidentifiable strain had phenotypic features of S. capitis, but the sodA fragment shared only 95.1% identity with S. capitis subsp. capitis CIP 81.53 T and 94.9% identity with S. capitis subsp. urealyticus CIP 104192 T. The next closest species was S. caprae (92.1% identity with S. caprae CIP 104000 T). Thus, this strain is likely to be a novel subspecies of S. capitis or an S. capitis-like organism. This strain was included in the S. capitis group.

Of the 212 strains recovered during the study, 151 (71.2%) were S. epidermidis and 61 (28.8%) were other CoNS species (Table 1). Irrespective of the type of surgery performed, about 25% of S. epidermidis strains (40 of 151 [26.5%]) were significant (isolated from ≥3 distinct peroperative samples). The overall proportion of significant strains was lower with CoNS species other than S. epidermidis (11 of 51 [21.6%]), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.12). There was also no difference according to the type of surgery performed. The proportion of significant strains differed markedly among the non-S. epidermidis organisms: S. caprae, S. lugdunensis, and S. capitis strains were significant and nonsignificant, whereas strains of S. warneri, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, S. pasteuri, S. simulans, and S. cohnii were never significant. The difference between these two groups was highly significant in our study (P < 0.0001). The same level of significance was obtained by comparing the group formed by S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. caprae, and S. lugdunensis to all other CoNS species. Overall, the bacteriological criteria for BJI (isolation of at least one CoNS strain from ≥3 peroperative samples) were met for 43 procedures, involving 42 patients. These 43 cases of BJI were each caused by a single species (only one significant CoNS species): 81.4% (35 of 43) were due to S. epidermidis and 18.6% (8 of 43) to S. capitis, S. caprae, or S. lugdunensis (three, two, and three cases, respectively).

Our study confirms the high prevalence of S. epidermidis in orthopedic surgery, irrespective of its involvement in a pathological process (6, 15, 16). Over 70% of isolated strains belonged to this species. The predominance of S. epidermidis in human infections has been linked to its overrepresentation in the skin flora, its resistance to multiple antibacterial agents, and its ability to adhere and to form biofilms on materials (9, 22, 23). Numerous CoNS species other than S. epidermidis were encountered throughout this study, but only S. capitis (including one “S. capitis-like” strain), S. caprae, and S. lugdunensis were found to be causative agents of BJI. Their involvement was marginal relative to that of S. epidermidis (∼4.5 to 7% of BJI caused by CoNS strains for each of these species versus ∼81% for S. epidermidis). These three species have previously been reported as agents of BJI (1, 3, 6, 8, 16, 19, 20, 24). Five of the species that were never significant in our study have also been reported to have little or no pathogenicity: S. warneri, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, S. pasteuri, and S. cohnii (4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 25). Finally, S. simulans and S. schleiferi deserve further examination, as both have been involved in a few cases of BJI (5, 18). Their low prevalence may explain their absence from our study.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
TABLE 1.

Prevalences of S. epidermidis and other CoNS species

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank E. Prunier and K. Guibrunet for technical assistance and I. Sénégas for help with the manuscript.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 22 October 2004.
    • Returned for modification 4 January 2005.
    • Accepted 2 February 2005.
  • Copyright © 2005 American Society for Microbiology

REFERENCES

  1. 1.↵
    Allignet, J., J. O. Galdbart, A. Morvan, K. G. Dyke, P. Vaudaux, S. Aubert, N. Desplaces, and N. el Solh. 1999. Tracking adhesion factors in Staphylococcus caprae strains responsible for human bone infections following implantation of orthopaedic material. Microbiology145:2033-2042.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  2. 2.↵
    Atkins, B. L., N. Athanasou, J. J. Deeks, D. W. M. Crook, H. Simpson, T. E. A. Peto, P. McLardy-Smith, A. R. Berendt, and The OSIRIS Collaborative Study Group. 1998. Prospective evaluation of criteria for microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic-joint infection at revision arthroplasty. J. Clin. Microbiol.36:2932-2939.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  3. 3.↵
    Blanc, V., J. Picaud, E. Legros, M. Bes, J. Etienne, D. Moatti, and M. F. Raynaud. 1999. Infection after total hip replacement by Staphylococcus caprae. Case report and review of the literature. Pathol. Biol. (Paris)47:409-413. (In French.)
    OpenUrlPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    Bryan, C. S., J. T. Parisi, and D. G. Strike. 1987. Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus warneri attributed to a Hickman catheter. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.8:57-59.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    Calvo, J., J. L. Hernandez, M. C. Farinas, D. Garcia-Palomo, and J. Aguero. 2000. Osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi and evidence of misidentification of this Staphylococcus species by an automated bacterial identification system. J. Clin. Microbiol.38:3887-3889.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  6. 6.↵
    Crichton, P. B., L. A. Anderson, G. Phillips, P. G. Davey, and D. I. Rowley. 1995. Subspecies discrimination of staphylococci from revision arthroplasties by ribotyping. J. Hosp. Infect.30:139-147.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  7. 7.↵
    Drancourt, M., and D. Raoult. 2002. rpoB gene sequence-based identification of Staphylococcus species. J. Clin. Microbiol.40:1333-1338.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  8. 8.↵
    Greig, J. M., and M. J. Wood. 2003. Staphylococcus lugdunensis vertebral osteomyelitis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.9:1139-1141.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    Huebner, J., and D. A. Goldmann. 1999. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: role as pathogens. Annu. Rev. Med.50:223-236.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  10. 10.↵
    Karthigasu, K. T., R. A. Bowman, and D. I. Grove. 1986. Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus warneri. Ann. Rheum. Dis.45:1029-1030.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  11. 11.↵
    Kwok, A. Y., S. C. Su, R. P. Reynolds, S. J. Bay, Y. Av-Gay, N. J. Dovichi, and A. W. Chow. 1999. Species identification and phylogenetic relationships based on partial HSP60 gene sequences within the genus Staphylococcus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.49:1181-1192.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  12. 12.↵
    Lambe, D. W., Jr., K. P. Ferguson, J. L. Keplinger, C. G. Gemmell, and J. H. Kalbfleisch. 1990. Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus schleiferi, and three other coagulase-negative staphylococci in a mouse model and possible virulence factors. Can. J. Microbiol.36:455-463.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  13. 13.↵
    Lentino, J. R. 2003. Prosthetic joint infections: bane of orthopedists, challenge for infectious disease specialists. Clin. Infect. Dis.36:1157-1161.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  14. 14.↵
    Mastroianni, A., O. Coronado, A. Nanetti, R. Manfredi, and F. Chiodo. 1996. Staphylococcus cohnii: an unusual cause of primary septic arthritis in a patient with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis.23:1312-1313.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  15. 15.↵
    Peersman, G., R. Laskin, J. Davis, and M. Peterson. 2001. Infection in total knee replacement: a retrospective review of 6489 total knee replacements. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.2001:15-23.
    OpenUrl
  16. 16.↵
    Perdreau-Remington, F., D. Stefanik, G. Peters, C. Ludwig, J. Rutt, R. Wenzel, and G. Pulverer. 1996. A four-year prospective study on microbial ecology of explanted prosthetic hips in 52 patients with “aseptic” prosthetic joint loosening. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.15:160-165.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  17. 17.↵
    Poyart, C., G. Quesne, C. Boumaila, and P. Trieu-Cuot. 2001. Rapid and accurate species-level identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci by using the sodA gene as a target. J. Clin. Microbiol.39:4296-4301.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  18. 18.↵
    Razonable, R. R., D. G. Lewallen, R. Patel, and D. R. Osmon. 2001. Vertebral osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection due to Staphylococcus simulans. Mayo Clin. Proc.76:1067-1070.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    Sampathkumar, P., D. R. Osmon, and F. R. Cockerill III. 2000. Prosthetic joint infection due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Mayo Clin. Proc.75:511-512.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  20. 20.↵
    Shuttleworth, R., R. J. Behme, A. McNabb, and W. D. Colby. 1997. Human isolates of Staphylococcus caprae: association with bone and joint infections. J. Clin. Microbiol.35:2537-2541.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  21. 21.↵
    Sivadon, V., M. Rottman, J. C. Quincampoix, V. Avettand, S. Chaverot, P. de Mazancourt, P. Trieu-Cuot, and J. L. Gaillard. 2004. Use of sodA sequencing for the identification of clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.10:939-942.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    von Eiff, C., G. Peters, and C. Heilmann. 2002. Pathogenesis of infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. Lancet Infect. Dis.2:677-685.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  23. 23.↵
    Vuong, C., and M. Otto. 2002. Staphylococcus epidermidis infections. Microbes Infect.4:481-489.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  24. 24.↵
    Weightman, N. C., K. E. Allerton, and J. France. 2000. Bone and prosthetic joint infection with Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Infect.40:98-99.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  25. 25.↵
    Wood, C. A., D. L. Sewell, and L. J. Strausbaugh. 1989. Vertebral osteomyelitis and native valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus warneri. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.12:261-263.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
View Abstract
PreviousNext
Back to top
Download PDF
Citation Tools
Use of Genotypic Identification by sodA Sequencing in a Prospective Study To Examine the Distribution of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species among Strains Recovered during Septic Orthopedic Surgery and Evaluate Their Significance
V. Sivadon, M. Rottman, S. Chaverot, J.-C. Quincampoix, V. Avettand, P. de Mazancourt, L. Bernard, P. Trieu-Cuot, J.-M. Féron, A. Lortat-Jacob, P. Piriou, T. Judet, J.-L. Gaillard
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2005, 43 (6) 2952-2954; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2952-2954.2005

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Print

Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email

Thank you for sharing this Journal of Clinical Microbiology article.

NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Use of Genotypic Identification by sodA Sequencing in a Prospective Study To Examine the Distribution of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species among Strains Recovered during Septic Orthopedic Surgery and Evaluate Their Significance
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal of Clinical Microbiology
(Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Journal of Clinical Microbiology.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
Use of Genotypic Identification by sodA Sequencing in a Prospective Study To Examine the Distribution of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species among Strains Recovered during Septic Orthopedic Surgery and Evaluate Their Significance
V. Sivadon, M. Rottman, S. Chaverot, J.-C. Quincampoix, V. Avettand, P. de Mazancourt, L. Bernard, P. Trieu-Cuot, J.-M. Féron, A. Lortat-Jacob, P. Piriou, T. Judet, J.-L. Gaillard
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2005, 43 (6) 2952-2954; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2952-2954.2005
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Top
  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

KEYWORDS

Bacterial Proteins
Bone Diseases, Infectious
Coagulase
Joint Diseases
Staphylococcal Infections
Staphylococcus
Superoxide Dismutase

Related Articles

Cited By...

About

  • About JCM
  • Editor in Chief
  • Board of Editors
  • Editor Conflicts of Interest
  • For Reviewers
  • For the Media
  • For Librarians
  • For Advertisers
  • Alerts
  • RSS
  • FAQ
  • Permissions
  • Journal Announcements

Authors

  • ASM Author Center
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Article Types
  • Resources for Clinical Microbiologists
  • Ethics
  • Contact Us

Follow #JClinMicro

@ASMicrobiology

       

ASM Journals

ASM journals are the most prominent publications in the field, delivering up-to-date and authoritative coverage of both basic and clinical microbiology.

About ASM | Contact Us | Press Room

 

ASM is a member of

Scientific Society Publisher Alliance

 

American Society for Microbiology
1752 N St. NW
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 737-3600

 

Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology | Privacy Policy | Website feedback

Print ISSN: 0095-1137; Online ISSN: 1098-660X