Article Figures & Data
Tables
- TABLE 1.
ID results for gram-negative bacilli
Group No. tested No. (%) of ID results: Phoenix ID (n = 1) Comparator system ID Species Isolates Concordant Discordant No ID ATB VITEK 2 Enterobacteriaceae 27 384 378 (98.4) 5 (1.3) 1 (0.3) Escherichia coli C. freundii C. freundii Citrobacter freundii E. cloacae E. cloacae Enterobacter cloacae K. oxytoca K. oxytoca Morganella morganii P. stuartii a No ID Shigella boydii E. coli a No ID No ID C. freundii C. freundii Nonfermentersb 11 110 109 (99.1) 1 (0.9) Pasteurella multocida B. cepacia a No ID Total 38 494 487 (98.6) 6 (1.2) 1 (0.2) - TABLE 2.
Susceptibility test results for Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters from Heidelberg and Parma
Group and center No. of isolates tested No. of single tests No. of single test results in interpretive category % of results with: I R EA CA mE ME VME Enterobacteriaceae Parma 224 10,330 419 2,863 95.0 98.2 1.4 0.1 1.7 Heidelberg 160 7,474 311 1,683 93.9 97.0 1.4 0.8 1.8 Total 384 17,804 730 4,546 94.4 97.6 1.7 0.5 1.8 Nonfermentersa Parma 73 1,972 186 971 96.9 97.8 1.7 0.7 0.6 Heidelberg 37 971 127 308 88.0 92.3 5.6 3.0 1.6 Total 110 2,943 313 1,279 93.2 95.5 3.3 1.7 0.9 All Parma 297 12,302 605 3,834 95.4 98.1 1.4 0.2 1.4 Heidelberg 197 8,445 438 1,991 93.2 96.5 2.4 1.0 1.8 Total 494 20,747 1,043 5,825 94.2 97.3 1.9 0.6 1.6 ↵ a Including one fermentative oxidase-positive strain of Aeromonas sp.
- TABLE 3.
Susceptibility test results for Enterobacteriaceae
Drug No. of isolates Breakpoint standard No. of isolates in interpretive category % of results with: S I R EA CA mE ME VME Quinolones Ciprofloxacin 382 NCCLS 320 14 48 99.2 99.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 Gatifloxacin 382 NCCLS 328 13 41 97.9 99.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Levofloxacin 382 NCCLS 332 12 38 99.2 99.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 Lomefloxacin 382 NCCLS 305 18 59 99.2 99.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 Moxifloxacin 370 Pharma 307 16 47 96.2 99.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 Norfloxacin 381 NCCLS 325 16 40 98.4 99.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 Ofloxacin 382 NCCLS 321 13 48 99.2 99.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 Nalidixic acid 379 NCCLS 277 102 96.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Aminoglycosides Amikacin 382 NCCLS 372 6 4 94.0 99.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 Gentamicin 382 NCCLS 328 10 44 97.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Kanamycin 363 NCCLS 297 6 60 97.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Netilmicin 381 NCCLS 345 8 28 95.3 99.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Tobramycin 382 NCCLS 323 18 41 96.3 99.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 β-Lactam penicillins Ampicillin 382 NCCLS 74 11 297 91.2 93.2 4.2 6.8 1.7 Piperacillin 383 NCCLS 206 29 148 86.2 92.7 6.5 1.5 0.0 Ticarcillin 383 NCCLS 139 21 223 91.9 96.3 2.9 1.4 0.4 β-Lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors Amoxicillin/clavulanate 382 NCCLS 186 24 172 95.2 96.6 2.4 1.1 1.2 Ampicillin/sulbactam 382 NCCLS 146 58 178 90.6 91.6 6.3 2.1 2.8 Piperacillin/tazobactam 381 NCCLS 286 12 83 90.4 96.3 2.9 0.3 2.4 Carbapenems Imipenem 379 NCCLS 361 13 5 87.6 98.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 Meropenem 377 NCCLS 373 1 3 96.0 99.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 Cephems Cefazolin 379 NCCLS 167 12 200 93.3 94.7 2.9 1.2 3.5 Cefdinir 382 NCCLS 208 15 159 89.7 93.2 3.9 3.4 2.5 Cefepime 381 NCCLS 325 2 54 92.7 98.7 0.3 0.6 3.7 Cefmetazole 324 NCCLS 222 12 90 92.2 95.7 2.2 1.4 4.4 Cefoperazone 379 NCCLS 257 6 116 91.5 96.6 2.1 1.6 0.9 Cefotaxime 380 NCCLS 295 11 74 96.4 97.6 1.8 0.0 2.7 Cefotetan 381 NCCLS 291 6 84 93.1 96.6 1.8 0.0 7.1 Cefoxitin 382 NCCLS 219 24 139 92.7 96.1 2.4 1.4 2.2 Cefpodoxime 378 NCCLS 241 27 110 89.3 94.4 4.2 0.0 4.5 Ceftazidime 382 NCCLS 298 5 79 95.8 98.7 1.0 0.0 1.3 Ceftibuten 371 NCCLS 282 3 86 89.4 97.3 1.9 0.4 2.3 Ceftizoxime 377 NCCLS 291 4 82 97.2 98.7 0.5 0.7 1.2 Ceftriaxone 382 NCCLS 290 12 80 94.9 96.1 2.6 0.3 5.0 Cefuroxime 381 NCCLS 213 22 146 94.2 97.4 1.0 1.9 1.4 Cephalothin 381 NCCLS 105 44 232 95.4 97.9 0.8 1.0 1.7 Monobactams Aztreonam 382 NCCLS 299 6 77 97.3 97.9 1.0 0.3 3.9 Folate antagonists Trimethoprim 382 NCCLS 290 92 91.9 99.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 382 NCCLS 299 83 97.1 97.6 0.0 1.7 4.8 Others Tetracycline 379 NCCLS 217 26 136 94.5 97.9 1.6 0.5 0.7 Chloramphenicol 382 NCCLS 297 17 68 94.5 96.6 2.6 1.0 0.0 Nitrofurantoin 377 NCCLS 197 97 83 96.6 98.1 1.6 0.5 0.0 ↵ a Pharm, pharmaceutical company.
- TABLE 4.
Susceptibility test results for Pseudomonas spp.a
Drug No. of isolates No. of isolates in interpretive category % of results with: S I R EA CA mE ME VME Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 78 53 4 21 97.4 98.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 Levofloxacin 74 47 4 23 91.9 96.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 Lomefloxacin 78 37 11 30 96.2 98.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 Norfloxacin 78 53 6 19 96.2 97.4 2.6 0.0 0.0 Ofloxacin 77 45 5 27 97.4 98.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 Aminoglycosides Amikacin 79 69 1 9 91.1 96.2 2.5 0.0 11.1 Gentamicin 79 53 9 17 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Netilmicin 78 57 6 15 98.7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tobramycin 79 62 17 97.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 β-Lactam penicillins Piperacillin 79 57 22 92.3 96.2 0.0 1.8 9.1 Ticarcillin 79 56 23 93.7 98.7 0.0 1.8 0.0 β-Lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors Piperacillin/tazobactam 79 61 18 92.3 97.5 0.0 0.0 11.1 Carbapenems Imipenem 77 60 6 11 93.5 94.8 5.2 0.0 0.0 Meropenem 77 67 7 3 90.9 98.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 Cephems Cefepime 78 55 14 9 91.0 97.4 2.6 0.0 0.0 Cefoperazone 78 46 10 22 96.2 96.2 2.6 2.2 0.0 Cefotaxime 79 5 38 36 91.1 91.1 7.6 20.0 0.0 Ceftazidime 77 58 7 12 94.8 97.4 2.6 0.0 0.0 Ceftizoxime 78 3 25 50 91.0 91.0 7.7 33.3 0.0 Ceftriaxone 79 17 29 33 87.3 88.6 10.1 5.9 0.0 Monobactams Aztreonam 78 51 8 19 91.0 91.0 7.7 2.0 0.0 ↵ a The NCCLS breakpoint standard was used for each drug.
- TABLE 5.
Susceptibility test results for nonfermentative bacteria other than Pseudomonas spp.a
Drug No. of isolates No. of isolates in interpretive category: % of results with: S I R EA CA mE ME VME Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 30 8 3 19 96.7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Levofloxacin 30 15 1 14 90.0 96.7 3.3 0.0 0.0 Lomefloxacin 30 9 5 16 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Norfloxacin 30 6 2 22 96.7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ofloxacin 29 11 4 14 96.6 96.6 3.5 0.0 0.0 Aminoglycosides Amikacin 29 12 17 89.7 89.7 6.9 0.0 5.9 Gentamicin 30 8 1 21 96.7 96.7 3.3 0.0 0.0 Netilmicin 30 8 1 21 96.7 96.7 0.0 0.0 4.8 Tobramycin 30 8 1 21 93.3 96.7 0.0 0.0 4.8 β-Lactam penicillins Piperacillin 30 6 7 17 73.3 76.7 23.3 0.0 0.0 Ticarcillin 30 4 8 18 73.3 76.7 20.0 25.0 0.0 β-Lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors Ampicillin/sulbactam 30 4 4 22 93.3 93.3 6.7 0.0 0.0 Piperacillin/tazobactam 30 10 6 14 76.7 80.0 16.7 10.0 0.0 Carbapenems Imipenem 30 11 19 96.7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Meropenem 29 12 1 16 96.6 96.6 3.5 0.0 0.0 Cephems Cefepime 30 10 5 15 73.3 93.3 6.0 0.0 0.0 Cefoperazone 30 8 2 20 93.3 93.3 3.3 12.5 0.0 Cefotaxime 30 5 3 22 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ceftazidime 29 11 3 15 82.7 82.8 13.8 9.1 0.0 Ceftizoxime 30 5 3 22 96.7 96.7 0.0 0.0 4.6 Ceftriaxone 30 6 2 22 90.0 96.7 3.3 0.0 0.0 Monobactams Aztreonam 30 4 4 22 96.7 96.7 0.0 25.0 0.0 Folate antagonists Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 30 17 13 90.0 93.3 0.0 11.8 0.0 Others Tetracycline 30 9 6 15 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chloramphenicol 30 13 2 15 96.7 96.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 ↵ a Genera included Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, and one fermentative oxidase-positive strain of Aeromonas sp. The NCCLS breakpoint was used for each drug.
- TABLE 6.
ESBL results for the E. coli and Klebsiella isolates tested in this study
Isolate type and species No. of resultsa: Result (%) forb: Total + by both tests PHX+ and REF− PHX− and REF+ − by both tests Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV Agreement Clinical E. coli 71 6 0 0 65 100 100 100 100 100 K. pneumoniae 49 7 0 0 42 100 100 100 100 100 K. oxytoca 27 5 1 0 21 100 95.5 83.3 100 96.3 Challenge E. coli 31 12 1 1 17 92.3 94.4 92.3 94.4 93.5 K. pneumoniae 20 17 0 0 3 100 100 100 100 100 K. oxytoca 5 3 0 0 2 100 100 100 100 100 Clinical and challenge E. coli 102 18 1 1 82 94.7 98.8 94.7 98.8 98.0 K. pneumoniae 69 24 0 0 45 100 100 100 100 100 K. oxytoca 32 8 1 0 23 100 95.8 88.9 100 96.9 Total 203 50 2 1 150 98.0 98.7 96.2 99.3 98.5